Effects of Different Fertilizers on Methane Emission and Rice Yield
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rice farming is critical to global climate change. Continuous flooding throughout the paddy rice cultivation causes reduction reactions in the soil and increases methane (CH4) emissions. This research aimed to determine the effects of different types of fertilizers on soil methane emissions and rice production.
Methodology: Planting KDML 105 rice in rice fields in Suphan Buri and Ang Thong provinces. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments included T1: Organic (Org.) + Organic liquid (Ol.) fertilizers, T2: Biochar (Bc.) + Org. + Ol., T3: 50% Org. + Chemical fertilizer (TSFM) + Ol., T4) 50% Bc. + TSFM, T5: TSFM, and T6: 70% TSFM.
Main Results: In Suphan Buri province, T3 had the highest CH4 emissions (Average 12.59 mg/m2/h) and T6 had the lowest CH4 emissions (Average 9.55 mg/m2/h). For Ang Thong province, T2 had the highest CH4 emissions (Average 16.56 mg/m2/h), while T1 had the lowest CH4 emission (13.70 mg/m2/h). The water level, redox potential, and soil respiration rate were statistically correlated with CH4 emission (P < 0.05). The use of different fertilizers had no statistical difference in plant growth and rice yield.
Conclusions: Using chemical fertilizer at a rate of 70% TSFM in Suphan Buri province and organic fertilizer combined with bio-fermented water in Ang Thong province released the least amount of methane emission.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Attanan, T. 1999. Organic Carbon in Soil. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. (in Thai)
Aumtong, S. 2018. Paddy Soil and Management. Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 486 pp. (in Thai)
Cresser, M., K. Killham and T. Edwards. 1993. Soil Chemistry and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2012. FAOSTAT. Available Source: http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/ QC/E, May 1, 2021.
Hemwong, S. 2018. Effects of rice husk charcoal under chemical and organic-chemical paddy filed on CH4 emission, growth and yield of KDML 105 rice. Journal of Agri. Research & Extension. 35(1): 1–11. (in Thai)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 1996. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual. Available Source: https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html, May 1, 2021.
Jaimun, C., S. Aumtong, T. Chaipimonplin and C. Chotamonsak. 2020. Affecting factors on greenhouse gas emission under rice cultivation with alternate wetting and drying water management. Journal of Agri. Research & Extension. 37(2): 47–59. (in Thai)
Katoh, K., P. Chairoj, K. Yagi, H. Tsuruta, K. Minami and W. Cholikul. 1999. Methane emission from paddy fields in Northeast Thailand. JIRCAS J. 7: 87–96.
MGR Online. 2007. Methane gas in rice fields small story of global warming recommend reducing global warming should start mainly in the energy sector. Available Source: https://mgronline.com/science/detail/9500000088793, May 1, 2021 (in Thai)
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2021. Agricultural production data. Available Source: https://www.oae.go.th/assets/portals/1/fileups/prcaidata/files/rice%20varieties%2064.pdf, August 31, 2023. (in Thai)
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2022. Agricultural Statictics of Thailand 2022. Available Source: https://www.oae.go.th/assets/portals/1/ebookcategory/95_yearbook2565/, August 31, 2023. (in Thai)
Photyotin, W. 2000. Effect of Rice Varieties Diversity in Rajburi on Methane Emission using the Application of Geographic Information System. MS Thesis, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Saengjan, P., S. Ro and P. Vityakon. 2015. Methane fluxes and rice yields as a function of sulfate fertilizer with incorporated rice stubble. KKU Res. J. 20(3): 337–345.
Sriboottha, A. and P. Saengjan. 2002. Factors influencing methane formation and emission from paddy fields. Academic Service Center Khon Kaen University J. 10(3): 42–46. (in Thai)
Warnock, D.D., J. Lehmann, T.W. Kuyper and M.C. Rillig. 2007. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms. Plant Soil. 300: 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9391-5.
