Effect of Heat Treatment on Elimination of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus from Protocorm-Like Bodies Dendrobium Khao Jiranand ‘Khao Sanan’
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) poses a significant threat to Dendrobium orchid cultivation and export in Thailand. Virus infection leads to a reduction in plant growth, flower quantity, and the overall quality of Dendrobium hybrids. Virus-free plant material is essential for ensuring sustainable production. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the elimination of CymMV from infected protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of the
Dendrobium hybrid in vitro using heat treatments.
Methodology: This study utilized PLBs measuring 5 mm, induced from CymMV-infected young shoots and cultured on a modified semi-solid Vacin and Went (VW) medium supplemented with 15% coconut water and 2% table sugar. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized approach and comprised two main experiments: 1) the PLBs were treated for 5, 7, and 10 days at 37 ± 2°C, and 2) for 10, 20, and 30 min at 70°C, in comparison to 25 ± 2°C (Control). Subsequently, the PLBs were transfered to culture in a liquid VW medium for 6 weeks after the treatments.
Main Results: The PLBs showed resistance to the heat treatment at 37 ± 2°C for 7 days. This treatment resulted in a 70% survival PLBs with the number of PLBs at 16.40 and 2.00 g fresh weight, which were not significantly different from the control (P > 0.05). The PLBs were able to withstand the heat treatment at 70°C for 20 min, resulting in 100% survival of PLBs and a total of 22.50 PLBs, which did not substantially differ from the control (P > 0.05). Although the fresh weight of the treated PLBs was 2.23 g compared to the control’s 4.81 g, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). After virus detection in PLBs using reverse transcription-PCR amplification (RT-PCR) technique. Both heat treatments failed to remove CymMV from PLBs.
Conclusions: Heat treatment at 37 ± 2°C and 70°C were ineffective in eradicating the CymMV virus in PLBs. To enhance the efficiency of virus elimination, additional improvements are necessary, such as combining heat treatment with antiviral agents, cryotherapy, or electrotherapy.
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