Study of Growth, Flowering and Pod Development of Vanilla pompona Grown under Shading in Ratchaburi Province
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Abstract
Background and Objective: Vanilla pompona is a commercial variety, easy to cultivate, and resistant to diseases and environmental changes. It is primarily utilized in pharmacy and fragrance production. This study aims to monitor the growth, flowering, and pod development of V. pompona, grown under shading in the commercial production of Dendrobium orchid cut-flower in Ratchaburi province.
Methodology: Two types of vines of 4-year-old V. pompona were observed, including 1) nonflowering
vines for growth rate and percent of the unproductive shoot and 2) flowering vines, continuously monitored for 2 years of productive yield including flowering vines size, flowering time, fruit development, seed development, quantity of flowering, and reproductive losses.
Main Results: The non-flowering vines (Vegetative growth) showed a growth rate of 30.2 cm/month. At the end of a yearly cycle, 50% of the shoots were unproductive. The flowering vines (Reproductive growth) had a vine diameter of 12.5 mm and an internode length of 7.1 cm. Flowering started during the winter (February 8, 2021, and January 4, 2022)—the young fluorescence required one week to develop from the inflorescence buds. Subsequently, after
3 weeks, the initial blooming occurred, flowering period ranging from 4 to 16 days, depending on the number of young florets on the inflorescence (6.2 flowers/inflorescence). Each flower required manual pollination to allow fruit set. Pod development exhibited the S curve pattern, with rapid pod enlargement occurring within 1–4 weeks after pollination. The pods matured 5 weeks after pollination, measuring 8.9 cm in length and 1.89 cm in diameter. After that, the pods maintained this size for 36 weeks until the harvest. Seed development from soft opaque white seeds to hard gloss black seeds at maturity. The final yield was 53% of the total young
florets; the rest (47%) was damaged during the transition from young florets development to
pod maturity.
Conclusions: V. pompona could grow, flower, and set fruit under 50% shading in the commercial production of Dendrobium orchid in Ratchaburi province. However, damage found during the production process was relatively high. These findings provide important information for the potential commercial production of V. pompona in the central plains.
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