Stimulatory Effects of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Aqueous Root Extract on Innate Immune Response in Mice
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. (family Acanthaceae), a mangrove plant, is used in Thai traditional medicine for treatment of various ailments such as skin diseases and cancers, and for health promotion and longevity. Previous reports have shown that aqueous extract of A. ebracteatus (AE) roots exhibits an immunostimulatory effect on macrophage cells in vitro. However, in vivo effects of its extract on immune response are still largely unknown. In this study, the stimulatory effect of AE extract on macrophage function was further assessed in cyclophosphamides (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. The mechanism involving alterations of immune responses in vitro and in vivo by AE extract was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that 14-day pretreatment with AE extract (0.06, 0.6 and 3.0 g/kg body weight/day) markedly enhanced phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and affected hematological profiles especially white blood cells and platelet counts as well as the serum levels of some cytokines in CTX-induced immunosuppressive mice, compared to healthy mice. Correspondingly, in vitro treatment of J774A.1 murine macrophage cells by non-toxic doses of AE extract (32.5-500 µg/mL) significantly increased phagocytic activity as well as mRNA cytokine expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of AE roots exhibited a stimulatory effect on innate immunity through macrophage activations in vitro and in vivo. These also imply its therapeutic uses in regulating immune dysfunction diseases.
Article Details
Upon acceptance of an article, the Pharmacological and Therapeutic Society of Thailand will have exclusive right to publish and distribute the article in all forms and media and grant rights to others. Authors have rights to use and share their own published articles.
References
2. Ahmad W, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Abbas Bukhari SN. Immunostimulatory effects of the standardized extract of Tinospora crispa on innate immune responses in Wistar Kyoto rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Jun 10;9:2961-73.
3. Siripong P, Kongkathip B, Kanokmedhakul K. Study on antitumor potential of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. roots. Thai Cancer J. 1998;24:29-39.
4. Phisalphong M, Thu Ha NT, Siripong P. Desalting of aqueous extract of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. by nanofiltration. Sep Sci Technol. 2006;41(3):455-70.
5. Mahasiripanth T, Hokputsa S, Niruthisard S, Bhattarakosol P, Patumraj S. Effects of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. on tumor angiogenesis and on tumor growth in nude mice implanted with cervical cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2012;4:269-79.
6. Srivatanakul P, Naka L. Effect of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. in treatment of leukemic mice. Thai Cancer J. 1981;7:89-93.
7. Babu BH, Shylesh BS, Padikkala J. Tumor reducing and anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jan;79(1):27-33.
8. Chakraborty T, Bhuniya D, Chatterjee M, Rahaman M, Singha D, Nath B, et al. Acanthus ilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine model. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec 28;13(48):6538-48.
9. Ravinder Singh C, Kathiresan K. Anticancer efficacy of root tissue and root-callus of Acanthus ilicifolius L. on benzo(a)pyrene induced pulmonary carcinoma in Musmusculus. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;2(6):5271-83.
10. Masathien C, Siripong P, Permmongkol C. In vitro immunopotentiating effects of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. roots on human lymphocytes. J Med Technol Assoc. Thailand. 1991;15:97-103.
11. Yahuafai J, Siripong P, Limpanasithikul W. Immunomodulatory effect of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. aqueous extract on macrophage function. Thai Cancer J. 2010;30(2):55-67.
12. Kanchanapoom T, Kasai R, Picheansoonthon C, Yamasaki K. Megastigmane, aliphatic alcohol and benzoxazinoid glycosides from Acanthus ebracteatus. Phytochemistry. 2001 Nov;58(5):811-7.
13. Hokputsa S, Harding SE, Inngjerdingen K, Jumel K, Michaelsen TE, Heinze T, et al. Bioactive polysaccharides from the stems of the Thai medicinal plant Acanthus ebracteatus: their chemical and physical feature. Carbohydr Res. 2004 Mar 15;339(4):753-62.
14. Tiwari KP, Minicha PK, Masood A. Acanthicifoline - a new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifolius. Pol J Chem. 1980;54:857-8.
15. Wu J, Zhang S, Xiao Q, Li Q, Huang J, Long L, et al. Megastigmane and flavonone glycosides from Acanthus ilicifolius. Pharmazie. 2003 May;58(5): 363-4.
16. Minocha PK, Tiwari KP. A triterpenoidal saponin from roots of Acanthus ilicifolius. Phytochemistry. 1981 Dec;20(1):135-7.
17. Kokpol U, Chittawong V, Miles DH. Chemical constituents of the roots of Acanthus ilicifolius. J Nat Prod. 1986 July;49(2):355-6.
18. Liu L, Fan H, Qi P, Mei Y, Zhou L, Cai L, et al. Synthesis and hepato-protective properties of Acanthus ilicifolius alkaloid A and its derivatives. Exp Ther med. 2013 Sep;6(3):796-802.
19. Ahlmann M, Hempel G. The effect of cyclophosphamide on the immune system: implications for clinical cancer therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2016 Oct;78(4):661-71.
20. Meng F, Xu P, Wang X, Huang Y, Wu L, ChenY, et al. Investigation on the immunomodulatory activities of Sarcodon imbricatus extracts in a cyclo-phosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressanted mouse model. Saudi Pharm J. 2017 May;25(4):460-3.
21. Manepalli S, Gandhi JA, Ekhar VV, Asplund MB, Coelho C, Martinez LR. Characterization of a cyclophosphamide-induced murine model of immuno-suppression to study Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis. J Med Microbio. 2013 Nov;62(Pt 11):1747-54.
22. Rainard P. A colorimetric microassay for opsonins by reduction of NBT in phagocytizing bovine polymorphs. J Immunol Method. 1986 Jun 24;90(2): 197-201.
23. Aher VD, Kumar A, Wahi. Immunomodulatory effect of alcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula ripe fruits. J Pharm Sci & Res. 2010;2(9):539-44.
24. Azadmehr A, Afshari A, Baradaran B, Hajiaghaee R, Rezazadeh S, Monsef-Esfahani H. Suppression of nitric oxide production in activated murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and ex vivo by Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jul 6;124(1):166-9.
25. Plytycz B, Rozanowska M, Seljelid R. Quantification of neutral red pinocytosis by small numbers of adherent cells: comparative studies. Folla Biol (Krakow). 1992;40(1-2):3-9.
26. Manosroi A, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Manosroi J. Immunomodulatory activities of Clausena excavata Burm.f. wood extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Nov; 89(1):155-60.
27. Boothapandi M, Ramanibai R. Immunomodulatory activity of Indigofera tinctoria leaf extract on in vitro macrophage responses and lymphocyte proliferation. Int J Pharm Pharm. Sci. 2016;8(7):58-63.
28. Wang Y-K, He H-L, Wang G-F, Wu H, Zhou BC, Chen XL, et al. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates produced on a plant scale have antitumor activity and immunostimulating effects in BALB/c mice. Mar Drugs. 2010 Feb 2;8(2):255-68.
29. Choi EY, Lee SS, Hyeon JY, Choe SH, Keum BR, Lim JM, et al. Effects of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2016;29(11):1664-74.
30. Guan D, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xing G, Liu J. Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia kolomilta on macrophages. Int J Biol. 2011 Apr;3(2):1-10.
31. Manjunatha M, Bhalodiya H, Ansari Md A, Vada S, Goli D. Immuno-modulatory activity of Terminalia bellirica extract in mice. Int J Pharmagenesis. 2011 Jan-Jun;2(1):103-8.
32. Kim JW, Choi J-S, Seol DJ, Choung JJ, Ku SK. Immunomodulatory effects of Kuseonwangdogo-based mixed herbal formula extracts on a cyclophosphamide- induced immunosuppression mouse model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Apr 8;2018:6017412.
33. Miceli T, Colson K, Gavino M, Lilleby K, IMF Nurse Leadership Board. Myelosuppression associated with novel therapies in patients with multiple myeloma: consensus statement of the IMF nurse leadership board. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008 Jun;12(3 Suppl):13-20.
34. Rodger GM. Managing patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. Johns Hopkins Adv Stud Med. 2008 Sep;8(10):346-51.
35. Siripong P, Kupradinan P, Piyaviriyagul S, Tunsakul S, Sukarayodhin S, Udomsupayakul U, et al. Chronic toxicity of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. in rats. Bull Dept Med Sci. 2001;43(4):293-307.
36. Okoli CO, Akah PA, Onuoha NJ, Okoye TC, Nwoye AC, Nworu CS. Acanthus montanus: an experimental evaluating of the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunological properties of a traditional remedy for furuncles. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008 Jun 6;8:27.