Effects of Quercetin and Vitamin C on Pathohistology Changes of Cadmium-Induced Organ Damage in Rat
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin and vitamin C on cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in rats using a sub-chronic, orally exposed model. The products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, were monitored as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, tissue Cd and histopathological changes in the kidney, liver and testis were evaluated. In Cd-treated rats, accumulation of Cd in the tissues was increased in a dose-dependent manner, in which co-administration with either quercetin or vitamin C had no effect. The higher dose of Cd treatment resulted in a significant increase in MDA levels in the kidney, suggesting an organ under a greater degree of oxidative stress. In the presence of quercetin or vitamin C, the kidney MDA levels were attenuated, particularly in the rats receiving 100 ppm Cd. In the liver, the MDA levels were not markedly altered among Cd-treated groups; nonetheless, treatment with vitamin C resulted in a noted reduction in MDA levels. Interestingly, administration of either quercetin or vitamin C appeared to increase the oxidative stress biomarkers in the testis. Histopathological examinations also revealed damages in the kidney, liver and testis upon Cd exposure. Supplemented with quercetin slightly reduced the liver damage; conversely, co-administration with vitamin C led to tissue damage. In conclusion, it was suggested that Cd induced a marked increase in oxidative stress and pathological changes in critical organs, particularly the kidney and testis. Quercetin showed beneficial activities in the liver regarding reducing the oxidative stress marker and tissue damage.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article, the Pharmacological and Therapeutic Society of Thailand will have exclusive right to publish and distribute the article in all forms and media and grant rights to others. Authors have rights to use and share their own published articles.
References
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. In. 1993. International Agency for Research on Cancer IRPTC.1987. Geneva: International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals, United Nation Environment Programme. IRPTC legal.Ie.1986;1.
WHO. Cadmium environmental health criteria. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p 134, 1992.
Houtman JP. Prolong low-level cadmium intake and artherosclerosis. Sci Total Environ. 1993;138:31-36.
Piasek M, Laskey JW. Acute cadmium exposure and ovarian steroidogenesis in cycling peroxidation in inflammatory disease. Chem Phys Lipids. 1994;128:165-171.
Taylor AE. Cardiovascular effects of environmental chemicals. Otolaryngol Head Neck Sur. 1996;114:209-211.
Gunnarsson D, Nordberg G, Lundgren P, Selstam G. Cadmium-induced decrement of the LH receptor expression and cAMP levels in the testis of rats. Toxicol. 2003;183:57-63.
Thompson J, Bannigan J. Cadmium: Toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo. Repro Toxicol. 2008;25:304-315.
Oteiza PI, Adonaylo VN, Leem, CL. Cadmium-induced testis oxidative damage in rats can be influenced by dietary zinc intake. Toxicol. 1999;137:13-22.
Gupta RS, Gupta ES, Dhakal BK, Thakur AR, Ahnn J. Vitamin C and vitamin E protect the rat testis from cadmium-induced reactive oxygen species. Mol Cells. 2004;17(1):132-139.
Gupta RS, Kim J, Gomes C, Oh S, Park J, Im WB, et al. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on testicular steroido-genesis and germ cell death in cadmium-treated male rats. Mol Cell Endocrionol. 2004;221:57-66.
Grosicki A. Influence of vitamin C on cadmium absorption and distribution in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2004;18: 183-187.
Saleh HM, El-Sayed YS, Naser SM et al. Efficacy of α-lipoic acid against cadmium toxicity on metal ion and oxidative imbalance, and expression of metallothionein and antioxidant genes in rabbit brain. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2017;24:24593-24601.
Wang J, Zhu H, Liu X, Liu Z. N-acetylcysteine protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes. J Vet Sci. 2014;15(4):485-493.
El-Sharaky AS, Newairy AA, Badreldeen MM, Eweda SM, Sheweita SA. Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Toxicol. 2007; 235:185-193.
Unsal C, Kanter M, Aktas C, Erboga M. Role of quercetin in cadmium-induced oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and apoptosis in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015; 31(12):1106-1115.
Morales AI, Vicente-Sanchez C, Jerkic M, Santiago JM, Sanchez-Gonzalez PD, Pérez-Barriocanal F, et al. Effect of quercetin on metallothionein, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 expression on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;210:128-135.
Morales AI, Vicente-Sanchez C, Santiago Sandoval JM, Egido J, Mayoral P, Arévalo MA, et al. Protective effect of quercetin on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats based on its antioxidant properties. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44:2092-2100.
Robak J, Gryglewski RJ. Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988;37:837-841.
Sampson L, Rimm E, Hollman PC, de Vries JH, Katan MB. Flavonol and flavones intakes in US health professionals. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:1414-1420.
Kessler M, Ubeaud G, Jung L. Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of rutin and quercetin derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003;55:131-142.
Machlin LJ, Gabriel E. Interactions of vitamin E with vitamin C, vitamin B12, and zinc. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;355:98-108.
Acharya UR, Mishra M, Patro J, Panda MK. Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium. Reprod Toxicol. 2008;25:84-88.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95(2):351-358.
Yiin SJ, Chern CL, Sheu JY, Lin TH. Cadmium induce lippid peroxidation in rat testes and protection by selenium. Biometals. 1999;12:353-359.
Koyuturk M, Yanardag R, Bolkent S, Tunali S. Influence of combined antioxidants against cadmium induced testicular damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;21:235-240.
Mitsumori K, Shibutani M, Sato S, Omodera H, Nakagawa J, Hayashi Y, et al. Relationship between the development of hepatorenal toxicity and cadmium accumulation in rats given minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride in the long-term: preliminary study. Arch Toxicol. 1998;72:545-552.
Xu LC, Sun H, Wang SY, Song L, Chang HC, Wang XR. The roles of metallothionein on cadmium-induced testes damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005; 20(1):83-87.
Tremellen K. Oxidative stress and male infertility - a clinical perspective. Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14(3):243-258.
Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction. J Androl. 2008;29(5):489-498.
Fraga CG, Motchnik PA, Shigenaga MK, Helbock HJ, Jacob RA, Ames BN. Ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm. Med Sci. 1991;88:11003-11006.
Carr A, Frei B. Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB J. 1999;13:1007-1024.
Chen K, Suh J, Carr AC, Morrow JD, Zeind J, Frei B. Vitamin C suppresses oxidative lipid damage in vivo, even in the presence of iron overload. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;279:E1406-E1412.
Azmi AS, Sarkar FH, Hadi SM. Pro-oxidant activity of dietary chemopreventive agents: an under-appreciated anti-cancer property. F1000Res. 2013;2:135.
Schwartz JL. The dual roles of nutrients as antioxidants and prooxidants: their effects on tumor cell growth. J Nutr. 1996;126:1221S-1227S.
Robak J, Gryglewski RJ. Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988;37(5):837-841.
El-Shahat A E-R, Gabr A, Meki AR, Mehana ES. Altered testicular morphology and oxidative stress induced by cadmium in experimental rats and protective effect of simultaneous green tea extract. Int J Morphol. 2009;27(3):757-764.