Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract Improves Memory Deficits in Ovariectomized Rats
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Abstract
Aquilaria crassna is one Aquilaria species which can produce agarwood. Most agarwood is processed into oil which is used in perfumes and in the production of traditional medicines for treating asthma, stress, and other diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. crassna leaf extract on learning and memory of ovariectomized rats, an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Following a full recovery, A. crassna leaf extracts (10, 100, 1000 mg/kg B.W.) were orally administered for 60 days. The negative control group received RO water and the positive control group received donepezil. Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were employed to evaluate their cognitive functions. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, were assessed. OVX rats receiving A. crassna leaf extract showed a significant improvement in both object recognition and spatial memories when compared to the OVX control group. Additionally, treatment of A. crassna leaf extract resulted in significant elevation in the activities of SOD and CAT, suppression of AChE activity, and reduction in MDA levels compared to the OVX group. A. crassna leaf extract could improve cognitive and memory impairment in OVX rats by increasing antioxidant activity and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Therefore, A. crassna leaf extract may be useful in reducing the risk of AD in postmenopausal women.
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