Development of Broken Rice-Based Ready-to-eat Breakfast Cereal by Extrusion Process

Abstract

Seven formulas of broken rice - based breakfast cereal were carried out by extrusion process. This development was done to obtain products with good texture, high nutritional value and protein quality. Formula Q met the criteria and composed of 10 % defatted soy flour and 6 % full fat soy flour added into 75 % broken rice, 5 % sugar, 2.5 % cocoa powder, 1 % mixed vitamins and minerals, 0.5 % CaCO₃, and fortified with lysine amino acid 0.25 % of the total ingredients. Breakfast cereal formula Q displayed greater nutritional values than other ten commercial brands. Composition of formula Q improved protein quality by obtaining greater content of lysine and methionine plus cystine. Amounts of all essential amino acids were at least 80 % of the values recommended by FAO / WHO 1973. And formula Q provided protein content of 11.8 % or 3.02 g protein per 100 kcal which greater than standard requirement for regular human food which should be at least 2.5 - 3.0 g. Comparing nutrient values from consuming breakfast cereal formula Q to get 2,000 kcal, consumers would receive nutrients accounted to 80 - 700 % of Thai RDI recommended values, however with the exception of fat content, vitamin B6, Na and K that existed 40 - 60 % of Thai RDI recommended values. Sensory evaluation was conducted to compare formula Q with 2 highly accepted commercial breakfast cereals and the other product produced by Institute of Food Research and Product Development. Formula Q demonstrated no significant difference in taste, texture and overall acception when tested without fresh milk. Together with fresh milk only score of texture that formula Q was significantly different from the 2 commercial breakfast cereals.