Effect of Thai Plant Extracts on the Oriental Fruit Fly I. Toxicity Test.

Abstract

                Extracts of plants materials were prepared by employing three procedures, namely the cold-rolling, the soxhlet extraction and the water distillation methods. Three hundred and three extracts from 165 species of plants were tested against two days old adult Oriental fruit flies using the mist spray at the rate of one gram equivalent each. Extracts from plant parts which demonstrated moderately high to high toxicities were rhizomes of Alpinia officinarium Hance, fruit skin of Anona squamosa Linn., whole plants of Artemisia pallens Wall ex Bers, fruits of Croton tiglium Linn., branches of Diospyros philippensis A.-DC, whole plants of Euphorbia tirucalli Linn., leaves of Nicotiana tabacum Linn., leaves and branches of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit., black seeds of Piper nigrum Linn., flowers of Tithonia diversifolia Gray rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and rhizomes of Chang Kan and Phra Taba. Moderate toxicity effect was observed from extract of nuts of Areca catechu Linn., leaves and branches of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis, Veleton, fruit skin of Citrus sinensis Osb., and roots of Stemona tuberose Lour.

                 Mild toxic potency was detected from extract of rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn., bulbs of Allium sativum Linn., leaves of Alstonia macrophylla Wall., seeds of Amomum cadamomum Linn., whole plants of Anetum graveolens Linn., roots of Artemisia vulgaris Linn., roots of Chrysanthemum coronarium Linn., rhizomes of Curcuma comosa Roxb., leaves and flowers of Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild., fruits skin of Garcinia mangostana Linn., rhizomes of Gastrochilus panduratus  Ridl., flowers of Gomphrena globosa Linn., leaves and flowers of Jussiaea linifolia Vahl., leaves of Lactuna sativa Linn., leaves of Piper betel Linn., leaves of Poederia foetida Linn., leaves and flowers of Sphaeranthus africanus Linn., leaves of Stephania hernandifolia Walp., and rhizomes of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn., Among unidentified plant species, rhizomes of Kho-Thong-Kae, Klob-Jak-Ka-wan, Petch-Ma, Plalai-Yai, and Saboo-Thong were under this category