Optimization of cellulase enzyme from sorghum straw by yeasts isolated from plant feeding-termite Zonocerus variegatus
Production of cellulase enzyme
Keywords:
Cellulase, Cellulolytic yeasts, Insect gut, Lignocellulosic, Wikerhamomyces spAbstract
The effective fermentation of cellulose remains an intractable challenge in food industry. The relevant cellulase enzyme is also in a high demand from industry for several biotechnological applications that inevitably in recent times led to many efforts for screening some yeasts for better cellulase production and fermentation performance. Plant-feeding termites can truly be considered as highly efficient natural bioreactors. The highly specialized gut systems of such insects are not yet fully realized, particularly, in cellulose fermentation and cellullase production for industrial applications as well as industrial bioethanol technology. Two yeasts (Wikerhamomyces chambardii and Saccharomyces diaststicus) were used to produce cellulase using sorghum straw (2.5-15%) at pH (4-7) and were incubated at (30-60 oC) for 96 hours. The yeasts utilize sorghum straw and highest cellulase was recorded at 72 hours of fermentation. Highest enzyme activity was achieved with 7.5 % sorghum straw and inoculum concentration. Optimization of growth parameters showed that W. chambardii produced more cellulase enzyme (223 U/ml) than S. diastaticus (211 U/ml), except optimization of inoculum concentration where S. diaststicus produced more (231 U/ml) than W. chambardii (211 U/ml).Optimum pH and temperature for W. chambardii was 4.5 and 45 oC respectively while S. diastaticus was 5.0 and 40 oC respectively. This study suggests cellulolytic yeasts such as W. chambardii and S. diastaticus for cellulase production from lignocellulosic materials.
References
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Adelabu, B.A., Kareem, S.O., Oluwafemi, F.I and Adeogun, A.I. (2018b). Consolidated bioprocessing of ethanol from corn straw by Saccharomyces Diaststicus and Wikerhamomyces Chambardii. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal 6(1): 1-17.
Adelabu, B.A., Kareem, S. O., Oluwafemi, F. and Adeogun, I. A. (2019). Bioconversion of corn straw to ethanol by cellulolytic yeasts immobilized in Mucuna urens matrix. Journal of King Saud University 31: 136-141.
Ahmed, A. and Bibi, A. 2018. Fungal cellulase; Production and Applications: Minireview. International Journal of Health and life sciences 4(1): 19-36.
Amaeze N. J., Okoliegbe I. N. and Francis M. E. (2015). Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fruit wastes as substrates. International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 3: 36-44.
Apiradee, S. 2006. Isolation and characterization of thermotolerant yeast for ethanol production. Master Thesis, Suranaree University of Technology pp 98.
Barnett, J., Payne, R. and Yarrow, D. (2000). Yeasts characteristics and identification. Cambridge University Press P 11-39
Biswas, R., Persad A. and Bisaria, S. (2014). Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts, 1st edn, pp. 105-132. Edited by Virendra S. and Akihiko K. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Carrasco, M., Villarreal, P., Barahona, S., Alcaíno, J., Cifuentes, V. and Baeza, M. (2016). Screening and characterization of amylase and cellulase activities in psychrotolerant yeasts. BMC Microbiology 16: 21-26.
Damisa, D., Sule, E. and Moneme, S. (2012). Cellulase production from waste paper using
Trichoderma species isolated from rhizospheric soil. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(97):16342-16346.
Deshmukh, S., Pachauri, P., More, S., Aranganathan, V. and Sullia, B. (2018). Kinetic study and characterization of cellulase enzyme from isolated Aspergillus Niger subsp. Awamori for Cellulosic Biofuels. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 77: 55-60.
Díaz-Rincón, J., Duque,I., Osorio, E., Rodríguez-López, A., Espejo-Mojica, A., Parra-Giraldo,M., Poutou-Piñales, A., Alméciga-Díaz, J. and Quevedo-Hidalgo, B. (2017). Production of Recombinant Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase II in a New Expression System Based on Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Enzyme research 2017:1-8.
Fang, H. and Xia, L. (2015). Heterologous expression and production of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II in Pichia pastoris and the application in the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and rice straw, Biomass and Bioenergy 78: 99–109.
Fotedar, R., Kolecka, A., Boekhout, T., Fell, J., Zeyara, A., AlMalki, A. and AlMarri, M. (2019). Kondoa qatarensis f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from marine water in Qatar. International Journal of Systematic and evolutionary Microbiology 69:486-492.
Giese, E.C., Dussan, K.J., Pierozzi, M.T., Chandel, A.K., Pagnocca, F.C. and da Silva, S.S. (2017). Cellulase production by Trichosporon laibachii. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry 9 (4): 271-278.
Gomes, F.C., Safar, S.V., Marques, A.R., Medeiros, A.O., Santos, A.R. and Carvalho, C. T. (2015). The diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from
water tanks of Vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species in Brazil,
and the description of Occultifur brasiliensis f.a., sp. nov. Antonie Van
Leeuwenhoek 107:597–611.
Hashem, M., Abdel Naser, A., Zohri, A., Maysa, M. and Ali, A. (2013). Optimization of the fermentation conditions for ethanol production by new thermotolerant yeast strains of Kluyveromyces sp. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 7:4550–4561.
Hui, F. L., Niu, Q. H., Ke, T. and Liu, Z. (2012). Candida ficus sp. nov., a novel species from the gut of Apriona germari larvae. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62; 2805–2809.
Hui, F. L., Chen, L., Chu, X., Y., Niu, Q. H. and Ke, T. (2013). Wickerhamomyces mori sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species found in the guts of wood-boring insect larvae. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63; 1174–1178.
Irfan M., Mushtaq Q., Tabssum, F., Abdullah, S. and Javed, Q. (2017). Carboxymethyl cellulase production optimization from newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus subtilis K-18 for saccharification using response surface methodology. AMB Express 7: 1-9.
Irene, S. (2018). Yeast-Insect associations: It takes guts. Yeast 35(4):315-330.
Juturu, V. and Wu, J. (2014). Microbial cellulases: engineering, production and applications. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 33:188–203.
Kathiresan, K. and Saravanakumar, K. (2011). Bio-ethanol production by marine yeasts isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. Int. Multidisciplin. Res. J. Biotechnol. 1 (1), 19–24.
Khan, Z. and Dwivedi. K. (2013). Fermentation of Biomass for Production of Ethanol.Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology 3 (1): 1-13.
Kurtzman, C.P., 2011. (2008). Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett and Basehoar Powers. The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, (fifth ed.), Kurtzman, C. P., Fell J.W., Boekhout, T. (Eds.) Amsterdam, Elsevier P 899–917.
Maryam, B., Qadir, A., Zameer, M., Ahmad, S., Nelofer, R., Jamil, N., ARZOO, S. and Afzaal, R. (2018). Production of Cellulases by Bacillus cellulosilyticus Using Lignocellulosic Material. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27 (6): 2659-2667.
Moubasher, A. H., Abdel-Sater, M. A. and Zeinab S. (2017). Yeasts and filamentous fungi inhabiting guts of three insect species in Assiut, Egypt. Mycosphere 8(9), 1297–1316.
Papagianni, M. and Papamichael , E. (2017). A Pichia anomala Strain (P. anomala M1) Isolated from Traditional Greek Sausage is an Effective Producer of Extracellular Lipolytic Enzyme in Submerged Fermentation. Fermentation 3: 43-46.
Pothiraj C., Arun A. and Eyini M. (2015). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava waste for ethanol production. Biofuel Research Journal 5:196-202.
Rehman, A. and Elahi, A. (2018). Bioconversion of hemicellulosic materials into ethanol by yeast, Pichia kudriavzevii 2-KLP1, isolated from industrial waste. Revista Argentina De Microbiologia 50 (4): 417-425
Rojas-Jiménez, K. and Hernández, M. (2015). Isolation of fungi and bacteria associated with the guts of tropical wood-feeding coleoptera and determination of their lignocellulolytic activities. International Journal of Microbiology 15: 10-21.
Saliu, B.K. (2012). Production of ethanol from some cellulosic waste biomass hydrolyzed using fungal cellulases. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Ilorin. 1–160.
Saravanakumar, K., Senthilraja, P. and Kathiresan, K., (2013). Bioethanol production by mangrove-derived marine yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 25, 121–127.
Shil, R., Mojumder, S., Sadida, F., Uddin, M. and Sikdar, D. (2014). Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of three phytophagus insect species. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57(6): 927-932.
Singh, P., Singh, S., Tsuji, M., Prasad, G. and Hoshino, T. (2014). Rhodotorula svalbardensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from cryoconite holes of Ny-Alesund, Arctic. Cryobiology 68:122–128.
Srivastsva, N., Srivastava, M., Ambepu, M. and Ramteke, W. (2018). Fungal Cellulases Production for Biodegradation of Agriculture Waste. Engineering in life sciences 18(4): 307–329
Szambelan, K. (2019). The comprehensive analysis of sorghum cultivated in Poland for energy purpose: Separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification methods and their impact on bioethanol effectiveness and vo;atile by-products from the grain and the energy potential of sorghum straw. Bioresource Technology 19:96-120.
Tao, Y. M., Zhu, X. Z., Huang, J. Z., Ma, S. J., Wu, X. B., Long, M. N. and Chen, Q. X
(2010). Purification and properties of endoglucanase from a sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzing
strain, Aspergillus glaucus XC9. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 58(10): 6126-
6130.
Techaparin, A., Thanonkeo, P. and Klanrit, P. (2017). High-temperature ethanol production using thermotolerant yeast newly isolated from Greater Mekong Subregion. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 48(3):461-475.
Thongekkaew, J. and Kongsanthia, J. (2016). Screening and Identification of Cellulase Producing Yeast from Rongkho Forest, Ubon Ratchathani University. Bioengineering and Bioscience 4(3): 29-33.
Tofighi, A., Assadi, M., Asadirad, M. and Karizi, S. (2014). Bio-ethanol production by a novel autochthonous thermo-tolerant yeast isolated from wastewater. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 12(107):1–6.
Touijer, H., Benchemsi, N., Mohamed, E., Idrissi, A., Chaouni, B. and Bekkari, H. (2019). Thermostable cellulases from the yeast Trichosporon sp. Enzyme Research 45: 121-147.
Waghmare, P. R., Kshirsagar1, S. D., Saratale, R. G., Govindwar1, S. P. and Saratale, G. D. (2014). Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes by isolatedKlebsiella sp. PRW-1 using agricultural waste biomass. Emir. Journal of Food Agriculture 26 (1): 44-59.
Wakil, S.M., Adelabu, B.A., Fasiku, S.A. and Onilude, A.A., (2013). Production of bioethanol from palm oil mill effluent using starter cultures. NewYork. Science Journal, 6 (3), 77–85.
Adelabu, B.A., Kareem, S.O., Oluwafemi, F.I and Adeogun, A.I. (2018b). Consolidated bioprocessing of ethanol from corn straw by Saccharomyces Diaststicus and Wikerhamomyces Chambardii. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal 6(1): 1-17.
Adelabu, B.A., Kareem, S. O., Oluwafemi, F. and Adeogun, I. A. (2019). Bioconversion of corn straw to ethanol by cellulolytic yeasts immobilized in Mucuna urens matrix. Journal of King Saud University 31: 136-141.
Ahmed, A. and Bibi, A. 2018. Fungal cellulase; Production and Applications: Minireview. International Journal of Health and life sciences 4(1): 19-36.
Amaeze N. J., Okoliegbe I. N. and Francis M. E. (2015). Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fruit wastes as substrates. International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 3: 36-44.
Apiradee, S. 2006. Isolation and characterization of thermotolerant yeast for ethanol production. Master Thesis, Suranaree University of Technology pp 98.
Barnett, J., Payne, R. and Yarrow, D. (2000). Yeasts characteristics and identification. Cambridge University Press P 11-39
Biswas, R., Persad A. and Bisaria, S. (2014). Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts, 1st edn, pp. 105-132. Edited by Virendra S. and Akihiko K. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Carrasco, M., Villarreal, P., Barahona, S., Alcaíno, J., Cifuentes, V. and Baeza, M. (2016). Screening and characterization of amylase and cellulase activities in psychrotolerant yeasts. BMC Microbiology 16: 21-26.
Damisa, D., Sule, E. and Moneme, S. (2012). Cellulase production from waste paper using
Trichoderma species isolated from rhizospheric soil. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(97):16342-16346.
Deshmukh, S., Pachauri, P., More, S., Aranganathan, V. and Sullia, B. (2018). Kinetic study and characterization of cellulase enzyme from isolated Aspergillus Niger subsp. Awamori for Cellulosic Biofuels. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 77: 55-60.
Díaz-Rincón, J., Duque,I., Osorio, E., Rodríguez-López, A., Espejo-Mojica, A., Parra-Giraldo,M., Poutou-Piñales, A., Alméciga-Díaz, J. and Quevedo-Hidalgo, B. (2017). Production of Recombinant Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase II in a New Expression System Based on Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Enzyme research 2017:1-8.
Fang, H. and Xia, L. (2015). Heterologous expression and production of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II in Pichia pastoris and the application in the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and rice straw, Biomass and Bioenergy 78: 99–109.
Fotedar, R., Kolecka, A., Boekhout, T., Fell, J., Zeyara, A., AlMalki, A. and AlMarri, M. (2019). Kondoa qatarensis f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from marine water in Qatar. International Journal of Systematic and evolutionary Microbiology 69:486-492.
Giese, E.C., Dussan, K.J., Pierozzi, M.T., Chandel, A.K., Pagnocca, F.C. and da Silva, S.S. (2017). Cellulase production by Trichosporon laibachii. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry 9 (4): 271-278.
Gomes, F.C., Safar, S.V., Marques, A.R., Medeiros, A.O., Santos, A.R. and Carvalho, C. T. (2015). The diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from
water tanks of Vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species in Brazil,
and the description of Occultifur brasiliensis f.a., sp. nov. Antonie Van
Leeuwenhoek 107:597–611.
Hashem, M., Abdel Naser, A., Zohri, A., Maysa, M. and Ali, A. (2013). Optimization of the fermentation conditions for ethanol production by new thermotolerant yeast strains of Kluyveromyces sp. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 7:4550–4561.
Hui, F. L., Niu, Q. H., Ke, T. and Liu, Z. (2012). Candida ficus sp. nov., a novel species from the gut of Apriona germari larvae. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62; 2805–2809.
Hui, F. L., Chen, L., Chu, X., Y., Niu, Q. H. and Ke, T. (2013). Wickerhamomyces mori sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species found in the guts of wood-boring insect larvae. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63; 1174–1178.
Irfan M., Mushtaq Q., Tabssum, F., Abdullah, S. and Javed, Q. (2017). Carboxymethyl cellulase production optimization from newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus subtilis K-18 for saccharification using response surface methodology. AMB Express 7: 1-9.
Irene, S. (2018). Yeast-Insect associations: It takes guts. Yeast 35(4):315-330.
Juturu, V. and Wu, J. (2014). Microbial cellulases: engineering, production and applications. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 33:188–203.
Kathiresan, K. and Saravanakumar, K. (2011). Bio-ethanol production by marine yeasts isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. Int. Multidisciplin. Res. J. Biotechnol. 1 (1), 19–24.
Khan, Z. and Dwivedi. K. (2013). Fermentation of Biomass for Production of Ethanol.Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology 3 (1): 1-13.
Kurtzman, C.P., 2011. (2008). Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett and Basehoar Powers. The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, (fifth ed.), Kurtzman, C. P., Fell J.W., Boekhout, T. (Eds.) Amsterdam, Elsevier P 899–917.
Maryam, B., Qadir, A., Zameer, M., Ahmad, S., Nelofer, R., Jamil, N., ARZOO, S. and Afzaal, R. (2018). Production of Cellulases by Bacillus cellulosilyticus Using Lignocellulosic Material. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27 (6): 2659-2667.
Moubasher, A. H., Abdel-Sater, M. A. and Zeinab S. (2017). Yeasts and filamentous fungi inhabiting guts of three insect species in Assiut, Egypt. Mycosphere 8(9), 1297–1316.
Papagianni, M. and Papamichael , E. (2017). A Pichia anomala Strain (P. anomala M1) Isolated from Traditional Greek Sausage is an Effective Producer of Extracellular Lipolytic Enzyme in Submerged Fermentation. Fermentation 3: 43-46.
Pothiraj C., Arun A. and Eyini M. (2015). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava waste for ethanol production. Biofuel Research Journal 5:196-202.
Rehman, A. and Elahi, A. (2018). Bioconversion of hemicellulosic materials into ethanol by yeast, Pichia kudriavzevii 2-KLP1, isolated from industrial waste. Revista Argentina De Microbiologia 50 (4): 417-425
Rojas-Jiménez, K. and Hernández, M. (2015). Isolation of fungi and bacteria associated with the guts of tropical wood-feeding coleoptera and determination of their lignocellulolytic activities. International Journal of Microbiology 15: 10-21.
Saliu, B.K. (2012). Production of ethanol from some cellulosic waste biomass hydrolyzed using fungal cellulases. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Ilorin. 1–160.
Saravanakumar, K., Senthilraja, P. and Kathiresan, K., (2013). Bioethanol production by mangrove-derived marine yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 25, 121–127.
Shil, R., Mojumder, S., Sadida, F., Uddin, M. and Sikdar, D. (2014). Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of three phytophagus insect species. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57(6): 927-932.
Singh, P., Singh, S., Tsuji, M., Prasad, G. and Hoshino, T. (2014). Rhodotorula svalbardensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from cryoconite holes of Ny-Alesund, Arctic. Cryobiology 68:122–128.
Srivastsva, N., Srivastava, M., Ambepu, M. and Ramteke, W. (2018). Fungal Cellulases Production for Biodegradation of Agriculture Waste. Engineering in life sciences 18(4): 307–329
Szambelan, K. (2019). The comprehensive analysis of sorghum cultivated in Poland for energy purpose: Separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification methods and their impact on bioethanol effectiveness and vo;atile by-products from the grain and the energy potential of sorghum straw. Bioresource Technology 19:96-120.
Tao, Y. M., Zhu, X. Z., Huang, J. Z., Ma, S. J., Wu, X. B., Long, M. N. and Chen, Q. X
(2010). Purification and properties of endoglucanase from a sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzing
strain, Aspergillus glaucus XC9. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 58(10): 6126-
6130.
Techaparin, A., Thanonkeo, P. and Klanrit, P. (2017). High-temperature ethanol production using thermotolerant yeast newly isolated from Greater Mekong Subregion. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 48(3):461-475.
Thongekkaew, J. and Kongsanthia, J. (2016). Screening and Identification of Cellulase Producing Yeast from Rongkho Forest, Ubon Ratchathani University. Bioengineering and Bioscience 4(3): 29-33.
Tofighi, A., Assadi, M., Asadirad, M. and Karizi, S. (2014). Bio-ethanol production by a novel autochthonous thermo-tolerant yeast isolated from wastewater. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 12(107):1–6.
Touijer, H., Benchemsi, N., Mohamed, E., Idrissi, A., Chaouni, B. and Bekkari, H. (2019). Thermostable cellulases from the yeast Trichosporon sp. Enzyme Research 45: 121-147.
Waghmare, P. R., Kshirsagar1, S. D., Saratale, R. G., Govindwar1, S. P. and Saratale, G. D. (2014). Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes by isolatedKlebsiella sp. PRW-1 using agricultural waste biomass. Emir. Journal of Food Agriculture 26 (1): 44-59.
Wakil, S.M., Adelabu, B.A., Fasiku, S.A. and Onilude, A.A., (2013). Production of bioethanol from palm oil mill effluent using starter cultures. NewYork. Science Journal, 6 (3), 77–85.
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Published
2019-12-29
How to Cite
Adelabu, Blessing, Sarafadeen O Kareem, Abideen I Adeogun, and Sherifah M Wakil. 2019. “Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme from Sorghum Straw by Yeasts Isolated from Plant Feeding-Termite Zonocerus Variegatus: Production of Cellulase Enzyme”. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal 7 (3):81-101. https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/fabjournal/article/view/222573.
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Food Product Development, Sensory, and Consumer Research
