Time of Flowering and Quality of Flowers in Thai Commercial Chrysanthemums as Affected by Photoperiod and high night temperature
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Chrysanthemum is a facultative short-day plant with the tendency to flower late when night temperatures are high. Therefore, year-round cultivation of high-quality chrysanthemums in Thailand is not desirable. Some day-neutral chrysanthemum cultivars are insensitive to heat-delay phenotype. Consequently, the discovery of these key characteristics through the planting of many cultivars can be the key to enhancing the breeding programme. Eleven Thai chrysanthemum cultivars were selected and planted under various conditions, including an average day length of 11.47 hours (SD), long days with incandescent light night break (LD1), and long days with incandescent light night break with a night temperature of 30.23 °C (LD2). The number of leaves on the main stem at flowering, the length of the main stem at flowering, the diameter of the terminal flower, the number of LD leaves, the ratio of flowering to nonflowering plants, and the thermostability of cell membrane were measured and analysed. By removing the light integral factor, all cultivars in this study were able to flower in both SD and LD conditions. The effects of different photoperiods and night temperatures on flowering time and floral quality varied amongst cultivars. Each cultivar, especially ‘Kaewglom’, exhibited a unique pattern of sensitivity, which benefits the selection for a new breeding programme to create new dayneutral and heat-tolerant cultivars more suitable for the cut flower market.
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