Effects of different nitrogen forms on growth, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in Hedychium flavescens and H. stenopetalum (Zingiberaceae)
Keywords:
Phenolic content, antioxidant activity, nitrogen forms, Hedychium species, growth, morphologyAbstract
Nitrogen (N) is the one of the most important nutrients needed by plants for their growth and the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Plants typically obtain inorganic N from two different forms: NH4+ and NO3-. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen forms on plant growth, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were investigated in two Hedychium species. They were grown in nutrient solutions modified from Smart and Barko with three different N forms: NH4+, NH4+NO3-, NO3- and control (no N form) for 60 days. Then plants were harvested and their morphology were compared. Total phenolic content (TPC) was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu method while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Different nitrogen forms have significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected plant height, root numbers, and total biomass in two Hedychium species. Hedychium stenopetalum grown in NH4+ solution had highest height, root numbers, and total biomass. However, H. flavescens had highest height, root length, root number and total biomass in NH4+NO3- supply. Total phenolic contents in both species were increased plant grown in NH4+ supply. The total phenolic content accumulated in the leaves of H. flavescens was 117.27 mg.g-1 GAE which was higher than in H. stenopetalum (82.64 mg.g-1GAE). However, the total phenolic content accumulated in the stem of the H. stenopetalum was higher than in H. flavescens. NH4+ supply increased antioxidant activity with DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that NH4+ induced stress which enhanced phenolics accumulation.
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