Effects of milk consumption on serum levels of calcium and vitamin B12 among volunteers with metabolic syndrome
Keywords:
cow milk, soy milk with milk powder, high calcium soy milk no sugar added, calcium, vitamin B12Abstract
The calcium serum level was associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. People with metabolic syndrome may have lower vitamin B12 serum levels than normal people. There are limited clinical studies on milk intake with calcium and vitamin B12 serum levels among people with metabolic syndrome. This clinical research aimed to study the effects of consuming various types of milk concerning calcium and vitamin B12 serum levels among volunteers with metabolic syndrome. Seventy participants with metabolic syndrome were randomized in 4 groups: group 1 received cow milk, group 2 soy milk with milk powder, group 3 high calcium plain soy milk and group 4 high calcium multigrain soy milk. Groups 1 and 2 consumed 500 ml of milk daily; while groups 3 and 4 consumed 460 ml of milk daily. Milk was consumed twice daily 15-30 minutes before breakfast and dinner for 8 weeks. Calcium and vitamin B12 serum levels were determined at weeks 0, 4 and 8. One way repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman two-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the differences within each group. One way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the differences between groups. The results of within-group comparisons revealed that cow milk, high calcium plain soy milk and high calcium multigrain soy milk significantly increased serum calcium. All 4 types of milk significantly raised serum vitamin B12. The results of between-group comparisons found that high calcium multigrain soy milk and cow milk raised vitamin B12 serum levels higher than soy milk with milk powder and high calcium plain soy milk. Therefore, various types of milk have different effects on the absorption of calcium and vitamin B12, with cow milk and calcium-fortified soy milk, resulting in high serum levels of calcium and vitamin B12.
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