Reduction of cadmium contamination in soil for transplanting paddy fields
Keywords:
Cadmium, Biological substances, Soil microorganisms, Rice field flood irrigation, Synthetic contaminated soilsAbstract
This research was aimed to improve soil chemical properties and reduce cadmium contamination in the soil with biological substances that consist of mixed bacteria of Achormobacter sp., Azoto bacter sp., Bacillus sp. and Nitrobactor sp. and Chitosan. The experiments were designed into 4 categories as follows; 1) The experiment with chemical fertilizer application with the formula 16-20-0 (CH) 2) The experiment with organic fertilizer (OR) 3)The experiment with the biological substances in the concentration ratio of 100-500 ml/rai (MIC) and 4)The experiment with Chitosan 100-500 ml/rai (CHI). The initial cadmium contaminated soil was 104.20 mg/kg as synthetic contaminated soils that used in whole experiments in 5 replications. It was found that the soil cadmium decreased according to the stage of growth, with Vegetative Phase (VP) > Reproductive Phase (RP) > Harvest Phase (HP). As for the experiment using biological substances, cadmium contents were decreased in 20.00-70.00 mg/kg. While in the experiment using the chitosan, the cadmium contents were reduced in 10.00-20.00 mg/kg. They were of the cadmium content that decreased more than CH of 2.50-8.00 and 1.30-2.00 times, respectively. In addition, MIC500 is the one of all experimental units that in a single cycle of soil containing cadmium content accepted the standard of soil quality used for residential and agricultural use with less than 37.00 mg/kg. (Pollution Control Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 2017) corresponded to the decrease in the amount of organic matter. In during VP, the MIC and CHI experiments, the results showed that nitrogen contents in soil were increased of 3.79-4.22 g/kg and 3.79-3.96 g/kg, respectively. As for the soil phosphorus content, in the OR, MIC and CHI experiments were increased by 0.82-1.03 times compared to the CH experiment. In addition, the highest potassium content was 49.04 mg/kg in the CH experiment.
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