GIS-Based Network Analysis for Enhancing Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Efficiency in Songkhla Municipality, Thailand
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Abstract
Municipal solid waste collection in urban areas often suffers from inefficient routing, including overlapping routes and excessive travel time. This study aims to improve the efficiency of waste collection routes in Songkhla Municipality by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with network analysis and Dijkstra’s algorithm. The cost function incorporates operational variables, including travel distance, time, speed, and stop time, to better reflect real-world conditions. The dataset consists of 599 waste collection points and 10 routes. The road network was modeled as a directed graph with constraints such as one-way streets, median-divided roads, and U-turn restrictions. Optimal routes were then computed and compared with the existing routes. The results show that the total travel distance was reduced from 138.743 to 118.629 km (14.50%), and the total operation time was reduced from 26 h 35 min to 20 h 28 min (23.01%). These reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that an operationally optimal route is not necessarily the geometrically shortest path. The novelty of this study lies in integrating field-based data and real-world network constraints into the model, enhancing both realism and practical applicability. However, the model is limited by the use of static traffic data. Future work should incorporate real-time traffic data and advanced approaches such as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and Geo-AI. The results can support decision-making for local authorities in route planning and waste management operations.
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