Innovative IoT System for Oyster Mushroom Greenhouse with Wet Cloth Humidity Diffusion
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Abstract
This study aimed to develop an oyster mushroom cultivation greenhouse (2 × 2 × 2 m) and evaluate the performance of an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The system utilized AHT20 and SHT41 sensors integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to control fans and water pumps via the Blynk Legacy platform. Furthermore, the study assessed the effectiveness of humidity distribution achieved through the wet cloth evaporation method. A total of 120 substrate bags were cultivated to test the system. The results confirmed that the IoT system functioned as designed. The average indoor temperature was 28.40 ± 1.72 °C, which was comparable to the outdoor temperature of 28.30 ± 2.21 °C. The mean indoor relative humidity was 92.41 ± 7.89 %RH, which was significantly higher than the outdoor reading of 85.42 ± 6.74 %RH. This outcome demonstrates that the wet cloth evaporation process effectively increased indoor air humidity. However, the indoor temperature was minimally higher than the outdoor temperature (0.10 °C), which is likely attributable to suboptimal fan placement. The total mushroom yield from two harvests was 11.25 kg (93.75 g bag-1). The harvested mushrooms exhibited good quality, characterized by smooth and glossy caps, clean white stems, and appropriate moisture content. The IoT system demonstrated low power consumption of 27.04 W during normal operation and up to 184.66 W at full load, confirming its suitability for small-scale mushroom farms. The total monthly energy consumption was 63.56 kWh month-1, corresponding to an electricity cost of 381.36 THB month-1. Economic analysis indicated that cultivating 300 bags per cycle, with a substrate cost of 8 THB bag-1 and a selling price of 70 THB kg-1, would yield a maximum profit and achieve a payback period of 2.6 years.
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