Preparation of biofuel pellets from water hyacinth and waste coffee grounds
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Abstract
This research dealt with the preparation of biomass fuel pellets from water hyacinth and spent coffee grounds with an aim to obtain the composite pellets with highest calorific value. The benefits of producing biomass fuel pellets in this work were to explore an alternative energy source from local renewable wastes and also reduce the water hyacinth, one of the world’s worst aquatic weeds that contributed to the environmental pollution. The fuels were produced from dried biomass and formed into the cylindrical bar with diameter of 6 millimeters and typically 1-2 centimeters length using pelletizing machine. The effects of raw material composition and starch concentration used in binder on fuel properties were investigated. The composite pellets were produced using different mixing ratios of water hyacinth: coffee grounds of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 by weight. Cassava starch paste was used as binding agent using various concentrations of starches in the paste of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w). The properties of prepared pellets including calorific value, moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon content were characterized. The results of this work presented the highest calorific value of fuel pellets that was equal to 17.19 MJ/kg with 5.61% moisture, 11.08% ash, 73.20% volatile matter, and 10.11% fixed carbon content found in the pellets with the composition of water hyacinth and coffee grounds as 60:40. Moreover, the starch content in the paste (5-20% w/w) was found to have no significantly effect on the fuel properties. The study also found that the pellets had moisture content, and the calorific value in the levels acceptable under wood pellet standard. This study demonstrated that water hyacinth weed mixed with waste coffee grounds were potential candidates to produce biofuel pellets.
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Published manuscript are the rights of their original owners and RMUTSB Academic Journal. The manuscript content belongs to the authors' idea, it is not the opinion of the journal's committee and not the responsibility of Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi
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