Preparation of biofuel pellets from water hyacinth and waste coffee grounds

Main Article Content

Napada Wichianphong
Wongduan Maison

Abstract

          This research dealt with the preparation of biomass fuel pellets from water hyacinth and spent coffee grounds with an aim to obtain the composite pellets with highest calorific value. The benefits of producing biomass fuel pellets in this work were to explore an alternative energy source from local renewable wastes and also reduce the water hyacinth, one of the world’s worst aquatic weeds that contributed to the environmental pollution. The fuels were produced from dried biomass and formed into the cylindrical bar with diameter of 6 millimeters and typically 1-2 centimeters length using pelletizing machine. The effects of raw material composition and starch concentration used in binder on fuel properties were investigated. The composite pellets were produced using different mixing ratios of water hyacinth: coffee grounds of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 by weight. Cassava starch paste was used as binding agent using various concentrations of starches in the paste of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w). The properties of prepared pellets including calorific value, moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon content were characterized. The results of this work presented the highest calorific value of fuel pellets that was equal to 17.19 MJ/kg with 5.61% moisture, 11.08% ash, 73.20% volatile matter, and 10.11% fixed carbon content found in the pellets with the composition of water hyacinth and coffee grounds as 60:40. Moreover, the starch content in the paste (5-20% w/w) was found to have no significantly effect on the fuel properties. The study also found that the pellets had moisture content, and the calorific value in the levels acceptable under wood pellet standard. This study demonstrated that water hyacinth weed mixed with waste coffee grounds were potential candidates to produce biofuel pellets.

Article Details

How to Cite
Wichianphong, N., & Maison, W. (2020). Preparation of biofuel pellets from water hyacinth and waste coffee grounds. RMUTSB ACADEMIC JOURNAL, 8(2), 140–152. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/rmutsb-sci/article/view/247484
Section
Research Article

References

Anatasya, A., Umiati, N. A. K., & Subagio, A. (2019). The effect of binding types on the biomass briquette calorific value from cow manure as a solid energy source. In The 4th International conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System (ICENIS 2019) (pp. 1-5). Semarang: School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University.

Asavrukulchai, A., Semsayan, S., Prapakdee, N., Piamsuansiri, N., & Choochart, N. (2011). Utilization of durain and mangosteen peels as briquette fuel. In Proceedings of 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Science (pp. 162-168). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)

Bani-Hani, E. H. (2017). Recent applications of biomass wastes in industry for environmental sustainability. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 33(2), 1622-1626.

Castellano, J. M., Gomez, M., Fernandez, M., Esteban, L. S., & Carrasco, J. E. (2015). Study on the effects of raw materials composition and pelletization conditions on the quality and properties of pellets obtained from different woody and non woody biomasses. Fuel, 139, 629-635.

Chin, O. C., & Siddiqui, K. M. (2000). Characteristics of some biomass briquettes prepared under modest die pressures. Biomass Bioenergy, 18, 223-228.

Elmously, M., Jager, N., Apfelbacher, A., Daschner, R., & Hornung, A. (2019). Thermo-catalytic reforming of spent coffee grounds. Bioresources and Bioprocess, 6(44), 1-22.

Garcia-Maraver, A., & Carpio, M. (2015). Biomass pelletization process. In A. Garcia-Maraver, & J. A. Perez-Jimenez (Eds.), Biomass Pelletization: Standards and Production (pp. 53-66). Southampton, UK: WIT Press.

Handra, N., Kasim, A., & Santosa, G. (2018). Effect of binders on EFB Bio-briquettes of fuel calorific value. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 8(4), 1071-1076.

Hudakorn, T., & Sritrakul, N. (2020). Biogas and biomass pellet production from water hyacinth. Energy Reports, 6, 532-538.

Hytönen, J., & Nurmi, J. (2015). Heating value and ash content of intensively managed stands. Wood Research, 60(1), 71-82.

Jairuan, W., Pairintra, R., & Sudaprasert, K. (2017). Biodiesel production by transesterification from chicken fat. RMUTSB Academic Journal, 5(1), 41-49. (in Thai)

Kaliyan, N., Morey, R. V. (2009). Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass Bioenergy, 33, 337-359.

Karwandy, J. (2007). Pellet production from sawmill residue: a Saskatchewan perspective (Forintek Canada Corp Report. No. 2006-29). Canada: Saskatchewan Forest Centre.

Kpalo, S. Y., Zainuddin, M. F., Manaf, L. A., & Roslan, A. M. (2020). Production and characterization of hybrid briquettes from corncobs and oil palm trunk bark under a low pressure densification technique. Sustainability,12, 1-16.

Kristanto, G. A., & Wijaya, H. (2018). Assessment of spent ground (SCG) and coffee silverskin (CS) as refuse derived fuel (RDF). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 195, 1-10.

Lee, S. Y., Sankaran, R., Chew, K. W., Tan, C. H., Krishnamoorthy, R., Chu, D. T., & Show, P. L. (2019). Waste to bioenergy: a review on the recent conversion technologies. BMC Energy, 1(4), 1-22.

Lubwama, M., & Yiga, V. A. (2017). Development of groundnut shells and bagasse briquettes as sustainable fuel sources for domestic cooking applications in Uganda. Renewable Energy, 118, 43-55.

Lunguleasa, A., Spirchez, C., & Zeleniuc, O. (2020). Evaluation of the calorific values of wastes from some tropical wood species. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnologia, 22(3), 269-280.

Moelyaningrum, A. D., Molassy, H. D., & Setyowati, I. K. (2019). The formulation Robusta coffee bark Jember Indonesia for charcoal Briquettes as alternative energy: The comparison organic starch adhesive and anorganic adhesive. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1393, 1-6.

Munjeri, K., Ziuku, S., Maganga, H., Siachingoma, B., & Ndlovu, S. (2015). On the potential of water hyacinth as a biomass briquette for heating applications. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 7, 37-43.

Nosek, R., Tun, M. M., & Juchelkova, D. (2020). Energy utilization of spent coffee grounds in the form of pellets. Energies, 13(1235), 1-8.

Pajampa, K., & Wongwuttanasatian, T. (2019). Biomass pellets produced from filter cake as waste to energy in sugar industry. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 257, 1-7.

Solowiej, P., & Neugebauer, M. (2016). Impact of coffee grounds addition on the calorific value of the selected biological materials. Agricultural Engineering, 20(1), 177-183.

Sukarni, S., Zakaria, Y., Sumarli, S., Wulandari, R., Permanasari, A. A., & Suhermanto, M. (2019). Physical and chemical properties of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a sustainable biofuel feedstock. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 515, 1-7.

Sukarta, I. N., Sastrawidana, I. D. K., & Ayuni, N. P. S. (2018). Proximate analysis and calorific value of pellets in biosolid combined with wood waste biomass. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19, 185-190.

Tantisatayakul, T., Saidam, K., Phusongsri, S., & Ngernruengroj, S. (2015). Feasibility Study of Biomass Briquettes Production from Pineapple Peel. Thammasat Journal of Science and Technology, 23(5), 754-773. (in Thai)

Trangkaprasith, K., & Chavalparit, O. (2011). Heating value enhancement of fuel pellets from frond of oil palm. In 2010 International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry (pp. 302-306). Singapore: IACSIT Press.

Ungureanu, N., Vladut, V., Voicu, G., Dinca, M. N., & Zabava, B. S. (2018). Influence of biomass moisture content on pellet properties – review. In Proceedings 17th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for rural development (pp. 1876-1883). Jelgava: Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies.

Williams, O., Taylor, S., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., & Eastwick, C. (2018). Applicability of mechanical tests for biomass pellet characterization for bioenergy applications. Materials, 11, 1-18.

Xayyasene, J., Thongsiya, V., Phengmeangkhune, T., Hunt, A. J., & Ngernyen, Y. (2019). Binderless solid fuel pellets from waste of pulp and paper industry. Feat Journal Farm Engineering and Automation Technology Journal, 5(1), 28-34.