Optimization of Mannan-oligosaccharide production from palm kernel cake and its prebiotic property
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Abstract
This study examined techniques for extracting mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from palm kernel cake (PKC) and assessed their prebiotic characteristics. Three extraction procedures were evaluated: 1) 2%(w/v) sodium hydroxide extract (S1), 2) 10%(v/v) ethanol extract (S2), and 3) Bio-ase enzyme at 10unit/milliliter (S3). Analysis of hydrolysates by HPLC revealed that S3 provided the most effective extraction. The effect of enzyme concentration (10, 15, and 20unit/milliliter) was examined, and 15unit/milliliter (S3-2) was identified as the optimal concentration, yielding a hydrolysate containing a total MOS content of 3.48gram/liter, including mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannotetraose. The prebiotic characteristics of the PKC hydrolysate were assessed by determining their ability to stimulate the growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria Enterococcus faecalis SHI-1 isolated from a 1-year-old Pomeranian dog. At 125 and 250ppm concentrations, the hydrolysate outperformed fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in terms of probiotic growth. Furthermore, it demonstrated high resistant to digestion by simulated gastric juice and alpha-amylase, with resistant rates of 98.86 and 99.19% respectively. In conclusion, using the Bio-ase enzyme, which is made in Thailand, proved to be an efficient approach for generating MOS-rich hydrolysate from PKC. This approach minimizes processing time, procedural complexity, and chemical usage, indicating its potential for further application in the pet food industry.
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