Chemical composition analysis with TLC, HPLC and antioxidant activity from Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. leaf extract
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from fresh and dried leaves of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. TLC analysis revealed that fresh and dried leaf extracts exhibited spots with Rf values corresponding to the standard compounds apigenin (Rf = 0.56), which was clearly observed under UV light at 254 nm, providing preliminary chemical fingerprints. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed the presence of apigenin, showing a peak at a retention time of 23.21 min with lmax at 338 nm, consistent with the standard. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the apigenin content was higher in the fresh leaf extract (34.45 µg/mL, 3.44%), than in the dried leaf extract (22.14 µg/mL, 2.21%). Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay indicated that the fresh leaf extract had significantly stronger activity, with an IC50 value of 995.38 ± 34.67 µg/mL, compared to 1,416.71 ± 107.76 µg/mL in the dried extract. In conclusion,
J. gendarussa leaves contain phenolic compounds, particularly apigenin that contribute to antioxidant potential. The fresh leaves exhibited superior antioxidant potential than dried leaves, suggesting their promise as a natural source of bioactive compounds for future development of herbal health products and pharmaceutical applications.
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