Rats: A Major Reservoir Host in Medical Diseases

Abstract

Rat is a type of reservoir host that can cause problems worldwide as they can rapidly transmit pathogens to humans and pets. Major diseases that rats play a major role as a reservoir host include a virus disease (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome), several bacteria diseases (Leptospirosis, plague, scrub typhus and murine typhus) and  the disease caused by helminthes (Opisthorchiasis, Trichinosis and Angiostrongyliasis). The diseases can infect humans directly or indirectly. Direct infection could be by contact, via wound openings, or by contaminated food. Indirect infection pathways include consumptions or contact of ectoparasite (ticks, mites and fleas), intermediate host and paratenic hosts. Therefore, the transmission in humans is high. Prevention strategies include good sanitary practices, consumptions of well-cooked food, and the public awareness for the diseases.