The Reduction Diameter of Nano Fibrils Cellulose Extracted from Rice Straws via the Mechanical Grinding Process to be Used as a Reinforcing Material in PVA:NFC Bioplastic Films
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Abstract
In this research, nano fibril cellulose was extracted from rice straws waste using a mechanical grinding process and used as a reinforcing material in bio-based films made of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanofibrils. The size reduction of the cellulose fibers was studied under different grinding times of 0, 30 and 60 minutes at a speed of 25,000 rpm. The results showed that the size of the cellulose fibers decreased from 5.01 0.38 micrometers to 16.31 1.31 nanometers after 60 minutes. The physical, structural, and chemical properties of the extracted nano fibril cellulose confirmed that the fibers were cellulose I. The surface morphology of the cellulose was examined by Fe-SEM, which revealed that the nano fibril cellulose had a smaller size compared to conventional methods, and uniform dispersion was obtained, which is beneficial for their application as a reinforcing material in the production of bio-based films. In the bio-based film process, the effect of the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to nano fibril cellulose (PVA:NFC) on the optical and mechanical properties was studied. The addition of nano cellulose in films increased the UV blocking ability, indicating that the increased amount of cellulose had an effect on the ability of the films to prevent UV radiation. Furthermore, the reinforced cellulose had an effect on the mechanical properties, with the tensile strength at yield reaching a maximum of 7.12 0.22 MPa with a ratio of PVA:NFC of 7:3. Adding cellulose to the matrix of PVA improved the Young’s modulus of the film. This research demonstrates the potential of using nano fibril cellulose extracted from rice straws waste as a reinforcing material in bio-based films made of PVA:NFC. The study also highlights the optimized ratio of PVA:NFC to achieve suitable bio plastic films.
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References
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