Alkaloid and Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Some Bitter Herbs
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Abstract
This study aimed to (1) analyze the alkaloid content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in selected bitter medicinal plants, and (2) investigate the relationship between phenolic and alkaloid contents and the antioxidant activity of these plants. The selected bitter medicinal plants included Senna siamea, Andrographis paniculata, Morinda citrifolia, and Azadirachta indica, which were collected from Tha Saen Subdistrict, Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province. The leaf parts of the plant were extracted using the maceration method with ethanol.The extracts were analyzed for alkaloid content using the Bromocresol Green method, phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. The statistics used included mean, standard deviation, statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a confidence level of p≤0.05, and the correlation coefficient (R).
The results showed that the alkaloid content in the bitter plant extracts ranged from 1.333 to 6.494 mg AE/g crude extract, with Andrographis paniculata containing the highest alkaloid content (6.494 ± 0.187 mg AE/g crude extract). The phenolic content ranged from 242.61 to 794.89 µg GAE/g crude extract, with Senna siamea having the highest phenolic content (794.89 ± 15.03 µg GAE/g crude extract). At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the antioxidant activity of the bitter plant extracts ranged between 24.05 - 58.17%, with Andrographis paniculata exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity (58.17%). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.6394) was observed between alkaloid content and antioxidant activity. In contrast, phenolic content showed a weak negative correlation (r = -0.1456) with antioxidant activity.
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