Nanoformulation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Encapsulating and Cytotoxicity Activity of Leum Pua (Oryza sativa L. variety Leum Pua) Khao–Mak Glutinous Rice Extract

Duangduan Wattanuruk; Juntarat  Jarickulchai; Ratthapol Sillaparassamee

Authors

Duangduan Wattanuruk Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, 13180 Thailand
Juntarat Jarickulchai Faculty of Public Health, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, 13180 Thailand
Ratthapol Sillaparassamee Faculty of Public Health, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, 13180 Thailand

Keywords:

Nanostructured lipid carriers, Cytotoxicity activity, Khao–Mak, Leum pua glutinous rice

Abstract

This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) encapsulating Leum Pua glutinous rice extract and to evaluate their physicochemical stability and cytotoxicity. NLCs were prepared using the hot high–speed homogenization method with rice extracts obtained through oil and aqueous extraction assisted by digital ultrasonication. Montanov 82 and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil served as the solid and liquid lipids, respectively, while Span 80 and Tween 20 (1:1) functioned as emulsifiers. Formulations prepared with oil-extracted rice ferment yielded opaque, pale violet dispersions that remained physically stable for at least 12 days, whereas those incorporating aqueous-extracted ferment showed sedimentation by day 4. The optimal formulation, containing 20% oil-extracted rice ferment without MCT oil, exhibited mean particle sizes of 129.6±2.16 nm and 144.5±1.46 nm, zeta potentials of -38.05±1.86 mV and -30.26±0.98 mV, and polydispersity index (PDI) values of 0.193±0.017 and 0.182±0.009 on storage days 8 and 12, respectively. Resazurin reduction assays confirmed >90% viability of human dermal fibroblasts at nanoparticle concentrations of 6.25–200 µg/mL over 24, 48, and 72 h, indicating no significant cytotoxicity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that oil-extracted rice ferment can serve as an effective substitute for traditional liquid lipids in NLC formulations, yielding stable and biocompatible nanoparticles with strong potential for cosmetic applications.

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