Pain and psychological distress in chronic temporomandibular disorder patients: A systematic review
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Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) may cause poor pain-related adjustment, which can lead to psychological distress, which in turn may affect quality of life and amplify and continue the pain cycle. This study aimed to determine the association between pain and psychological distress among chronic TMD patients. Electronic databases (i.e. MeSH, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and EBSCO) available at the Universiti Teknologi MARA were used in the search strategy, and the PRISMA guideline was employed to report the search strategy. Inclusion was reserved to observational studies that evaluated psychological profiles and pain severity with validated outcome measures, and quality assessment was performed using the AXIS tool. A total of 190 studies were obtained via the search strategy; however, only 10 studies were eligible for review. Findings showed that pain severity was positively correlated with degree of psychological distress. Pain levels varied from mild to severe, and depression, stress, anxiety and somatization degrees varied from moderate to severe. In conclusion, pain severity influenced the degree of psychological distress among chronic TMD patients.
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