A fabrication of cost-effective paper-based colorimetric devices for nitrite detection
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Abstract
Ubiquitous and cost−effective printing paper was remodeled into a colorimetric paper−based analytical devices (PADs) for nitrite anion (NO2−) detection via Mn7+ reduction in acidic conditions for food and environmental samples. The colorimetric PADs fabricated by wax printing required only 10 μL of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and to detect NO2−. Colorimetry allowed simple visual detection with the naked eye. Image analysis of photographic results revealed the improved detection limit of 0.13 mg/L. Under optimized parameters, including KMnO4 and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentrations, and reaction time, it was found that colorimetric data were in a logarithmic relationship with the NO2− amount ranging from 0.50 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L. Moreover, the colorimetric PADs showed a good selectivity toward NO2− among other anions at 100−fold. Application in NO2− detection in meat, animal feed, soil, and water samples using the standard addition method revealed 99.7% accuracy for PADs. The proposed technique was validated by traditional spectrophotometry, and a precision in the range of 95.2% to 104.6% was obtained. Therefore, inexpensive, portable, and feasible colorimetric PADs for NO2− were successfully constructed.
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