Antioxidant Activities of the Indigo Extracts and Prediction of Tyrosinase Inhibition by Molecular Docking
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Abstract
Indigofera tinctoria L. and Indigofera suffruticosa (indigo plants) are common species used for indigo fabric dyeing because they are darker indigo blue than other species. Because indigo plants are the source of many bioactive compounds, the indigo extract is also widely used in cosmeceuticals and skincare products. This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the indigo plant by ethanolic extraction and analyze the crude extracts by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The discovered molecules were in silico predicted inhibition to tyrosinase enzyme using molecular docking studies. The results of this study showed that the extraction process (maceration and Soxhlet extraction) and ethanol concentrations (50, 70, and 99.5%) were no significant differences in the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. However, when considering the explants showed that the crude leaf extracts have antioxidant activity lower than crude seed extracts which the IC50 of 0.11-0.13 and 0.05-0.10 mg/ml, respectively. For the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Indigofera tinctoria L. extract showed the FRAP value less than those from Indigofera suffruticosa which has the value of 481.82 and 565.46 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic contents exhibited no significant differences in both species (9.91 and 9.98 mg GAE/ g crude extract, respectively). The sixty-five discovered compounds were determined by GC-MS technique and they were categorized into the group of fatty acid, phenolic substance, plant steroid, and coloring compound. The molecular docking revealed the discovered molecules especially triacontane, phytol, stearic acid, oleic acid, and vitamin E more specific binding than kojic acid as tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor standard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the indigo plant is a Plant-derived antioxidant source and trend to be developed as a cosmetic product that inhibits the tyrosinase enzyme that causes dull skin.
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บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของคณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ ข้อความที่ปรากฏในแต่ละเรื่องของวารสารเล่มนี้เป็นเพียงความเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียน ไม่มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับคณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี หรือคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นในมหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ ผู้เขียนต้องยืนยันว่าความรับผิดชอบต่อทุกข้อความที่นำเสนอไว้ในบทความของตน หากมีข้อผิดพลาดหรือความไม่ถูกต้องใด ๆ
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