ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระของสารสกัดน้ำร้อนของยอดอ่อนฟักข้าว
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Published:
Apr 19, 2019
Keywords:
young leaf and stem Momordica cochinchinensis hot water extract antioxidant activity phenolic compound and flavonoid
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (MC) is an edible plant widely found in Southeast Asia. This plant is used for treatment of fever, inflammation, and skin infections. The pulp and seed of MC possess several activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, etc. However, only a few studies of the young leaves and stems of MC and aqueous extract have been evidenced so far. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities of hot water extract from three parts of MC [young leaves and stem (YLS), unripe pulp (URP), and ripe pulp (RP)] and to compare their activities. Fresh MC was extracted according to the cooking method (blanched and boiled). YLS showed a higher antioxidant activity than URP and RP with an IC50 value of 23.06±10.28 µg/mL in DPPH assay. For FRAP assay, the VCEAC, TEAC and FRAP values of the YLS are 18.75±1.86, 28.87±1.16 and 54.05±5.02 g/100 g extract, respectively. These antioxidant activities correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Evaluation of the YLS extracted from fresh and dry plant found that the extract of fresh material had better activities (ABTS assay; IC50 value = 10.83±3.84 and 51.76±4.57 µg/mL, respectively). In conclusion, these studies revealed the high antioxidant activities of the MC hot water extract of YLS especially, prepared from fresh plant. Thus, taking this edible plant as food is likely to be benefit for the health. Further pharmacological study and toxicological test should be determined.
Keywords: young leaf and stem; Momordica cochinchinensis; hot water extract; antioxidant activity; phenolic compound and flavonoid
Article Details
Section
Biological Sciences
References
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[8] Basambombo, L., Carmichael, P., Cote, S. and Laurin, D., 2017, Use of vitamin E and C supplements for the prevention of cognitive decline, Ann. Pharmacother. 51: 118-124.
[9] Vuong, L., Franke, A., Custer, L. and Murphy, S., 2006, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (gac) fruit carotenoids reevaluated, J. Food Compost. Anal. 19: 664-668.
[10] กรณ์กาญจน์ ภมรประวัติ, 2556, ฟักข้าว พืชพื้นบ้านมากคุณค่า, หมอชาวบ้าน, กรุงเทพฯ, 48 น.
[11] Tien, P.G., Kayama, F., Konishi, F., Tamemoto, H., Kasono, K. and Hung, N.T., 2005, Inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by water extract of Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng), Int. J. Oncol. 26: 881-889.
[12] Liu, H.R., Meng, L.Y., Lin, Z.Y., Shen, Y., Yu, Y.Q. and Zhu, Y.Z., 2012, Cochinchina momordica seed extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cells via PARP and p53 signal pathways, Nutr. Cancer. 64: 1070-1077.
[13] Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Yang X.O. and Zhan, Y., 2015, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. seed extract suppresses breast cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, Mol. Med. Rep. 12: 6300-6310.
[14] Xiao, C., Rajput, Z., Bao, G., Hu, S.H. and Soomro, N.A., 2013, Enhancement of the immune responses to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease in mice by oral administration of quillaja saponaria-A and extracts of cochinchina momordica seed, Span. J. Agric. Res. 11: 84-88.
[15] Müller-Maatsch, J., Sprenger, J., Hempel, J., Kreiser, F., Carle, R. and Schweiggert, R.M., 2017, Carotenoids from gac fruit aril [Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.] are more bioaccessible than those from carrot root and tomato fruit, Food Res. Int. 99: 928-935.
[16] Kha, T., Nguyen, M. and Roach, P., 2010, Effects of spray drying conditions on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) fruit aril powder, J. Food Eng. 98: 385-392.
[17] Kubola, J. and Siriamornpun, S., 2011, Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, aril and seed) of Thai gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng), Food Chem. 127: 1138-1145.
[18] Aoki, H., Kieu, N.T., Kuze, N., Tomisaka, K. and van Chuyen, N., 2002, Carotenoid pigments in GAC fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 2479-2482.
[19] Ishida, B., Turner, C., Chapman, M.H and , McKeon, T.A., 2004, Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of gac (Momordica cochinchinensis spreng) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem. 52: 274-279.
[20] Song, X. and Hu, S., 2009, Adjuvant activities of saponins from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, Vaccine 27: 4883-4890.
[21] Lin, Z., Liu, X., Yang, F. and Yua, Y.Q., 2012, Structural characterization and identification of five triterpenoid saponins isolated from Momordica cochinchinensis extracts by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 328-329: 43-66.
[22] อชิดา จารุโชติกมล, จินตนา ประทุมชาติ, จิราพร พรหมโคตร, ฉวีวรรณ พุ่มเพ็ชร, ศิรินันท์ จันร่องคำ, พรทิพย์ วรกิจพูนผล, พรปวีณ์ บรรลังค์, ปวิตรา พูลบุตร และเบญจมาศ คุชนี, 2561, ผลของไซโคลอัลลิอินต่อการสลายไขมันและลิปิดเปอร์ออกซิเดชั่น, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัมหาสารคาม 37(2): 245-258.
[23] อธิกา จารุโชติกมล, พัชรีวัลย์ ปั้นเหน่งเพ็ชร, วีรพล คู่คงวิริยพันธุ์ และวนิดา ไทรชมภู, 2554, ฤทธิ์ต้านไลปิดเปอร์ออกซิเดชันและต้านออกซิเดชันของสารสกัดผักแพว, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม 30(3): 249-261.
[24] เบญจมาศ คุชนี, อัจฉรา พรมลารักษ์, ชญาณ์พิมพ์ บุญชู, ธนาวุธ เขาดี, บุญญวัฒน์ บุญระดม, วณิชชกร สิงห์บรรณ, อชิดา จารุโชติกมล, ปวิตรา พูลบุตร, 2562, ฤทธิ์ยับยั้งเอนไซม์แอลฟาอะไมเลสและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของสารสกัดหยาบจากผลมะเดื่ออุทุมพรด้วยเอทานอล, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี 27(5): in print.
[25] Cindrić, I.J., Kunštić, M., Zeiner, M., Stingeder, G. and Rusak, G., 2011, Sample preparation methods for the determination of the antioxidative capacity of apple juices, Croat. Chem. Acta. 84: 435-438.
[26] Farasat, M., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Nabavi, S.M.B. and Namjooyan, F., 2014, Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of some edible green seaweeds from northern coasts of the persian gulf, Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 13: 163-170.
[27] Chatatikun, M. and Chiabchalard, A., 2013, Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activities of orange baby carrot and carrot (Daucus carota Linn.) root crude extracts, J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 5(4): 97-102.
[28] Hossain, H., Karmakar, U.K., Biswas, S.K., Shahid-Ud-Daula, A.F., Jahan, I.A., Adnan, T. and Chowdhury, A., 2013, Antinociceptive and antioxidant potential of the crude ethanol extract of the leaves of ageratum conyzoides grown in Bangladesh, Pharm. Biol. 51: 893-898.
[29] Uddin N., Islam, R., Hasan, N., Hossain, M.S., Roy, A., Hossain, M.M. and Rana, S., 2013, DPPH scavenging assay of eighty-four Bangladeshi medicinal plants, Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 6(5): 66-73.
[30] Saeed, N., Khan, M. and Shabbir, M., 2012, Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L., BMC Complem. Altern. Med. 12: 1-12.
[31] Burke, D.S., Smidt, C.R. and Vuong, L.T., 2005, Momordica cochinchinensis, Rosa roxburghii, wolfberry and sea buckthorn-highly nutritional fruit supported by tradition and science, Curr. Top. Nutraceut. Res. 3: 259-266.
[32] Vergara-Salinas, J.R., Pérez-Jiménez, J., Torres, J.L., Agosin, E. and Pérez-Correa, J.R., 2012, Effects of temperature and time on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in the pressurized hot water extraction of deodorized thyme (Thymus vulgaris), J. Agric. Food Chem. 60: 10920-10929.
[33] Roshanak, S., Rahimmalek, M. and Goli, S.A., 2016, Evaluation of seven different drying treatments in respect to total flavonoid, phenolic, vitamin C content, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity and color of green tea (Camellia sinensis or C. assamica) leaves, J. Food Sci. Technol. 53: 721-729.
[34] Rahman, M., Ahmed, A., Sunny, S.S., Atanu, S.H., Faruque, A. and Rana, S., 2014, In vitro evalution of cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of Luffa acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca and Momordica cochinchinensis, Br. J. Pharm. Res. 4: 267-277.
[35] Klungsupya, P., Saenkhum, J., Muangman, T., Rerk-Am, U., Laovitthayanggoon, S. and Leelamanit, W., 2012, Non-cytotoxic property and DNA protective activity against H2O2 and UVC of Thai gac fruit extracts in human TK6-cells, J. App. Pharm. Sci. 02(04): 04-08.
[2] Jiang, T., Sun, Q. and Chen, S., 2016, Oxidative stress a major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, Prog. Neurobial. 1468: 1-19.
[3] Mateen, S., Moin, S., Khan, A.Q., Zafar, A. and Fatima, N., 2016, Increased reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis, PLoS One 11(4): 1-15.
[4] Rizzo, A.M., Berselli, P., Zava, S., Montorfano, G., Negroni, M., Corsetto, P. and Berra, B., 2010, Endogenous antioxidants and radical scavengers, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 698: 52-67.
[5] Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., Witkowska, A. and Zujko, M., 2018, Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body, Adv. Med. Sci. 63: 68-78.
[6] Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A. and Chandra, N., 2010, Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health, Pharmacogn. Rev. 4: 118-126.
[7] Rosillo, M., Alarcon, C. and Sanchez, M., 2016, An update on dietary phenolic compounds in the prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis, Chem. Sci. 7: 2943-2969.
[8] Basambombo, L., Carmichael, P., Cote, S. and Laurin, D., 2017, Use of vitamin E and C supplements for the prevention of cognitive decline, Ann. Pharmacother. 51: 118-124.
[9] Vuong, L., Franke, A., Custer, L. and Murphy, S., 2006, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (gac) fruit carotenoids reevaluated, J. Food Compost. Anal. 19: 664-668.
[10] กรณ์กาญจน์ ภมรประวัติ, 2556, ฟักข้าว พืชพื้นบ้านมากคุณค่า, หมอชาวบ้าน, กรุงเทพฯ, 48 น.
[11] Tien, P.G., Kayama, F., Konishi, F., Tamemoto, H., Kasono, K. and Hung, N.T., 2005, Inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by water extract of Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng), Int. J. Oncol. 26: 881-889.
[12] Liu, H.R., Meng, L.Y., Lin, Z.Y., Shen, Y., Yu, Y.Q. and Zhu, Y.Z., 2012, Cochinchina momordica seed extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cells via PARP and p53 signal pathways, Nutr. Cancer. 64: 1070-1077.
[13] Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Yang X.O. and Zhan, Y., 2015, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. seed extract suppresses breast cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, Mol. Med. Rep. 12: 6300-6310.
[14] Xiao, C., Rajput, Z., Bao, G., Hu, S.H. and Soomro, N.A., 2013, Enhancement of the immune responses to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease in mice by oral administration of quillaja saponaria-A and extracts of cochinchina momordica seed, Span. J. Agric. Res. 11: 84-88.
[15] Müller-Maatsch, J., Sprenger, J., Hempel, J., Kreiser, F., Carle, R. and Schweiggert, R.M., 2017, Carotenoids from gac fruit aril [Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.] are more bioaccessible than those from carrot root and tomato fruit, Food Res. Int. 99: 928-935.
[16] Kha, T., Nguyen, M. and Roach, P., 2010, Effects of spray drying conditions on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) fruit aril powder, J. Food Eng. 98: 385-392.
[17] Kubola, J. and Siriamornpun, S., 2011, Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, aril and seed) of Thai gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng), Food Chem. 127: 1138-1145.
[18] Aoki, H., Kieu, N.T., Kuze, N., Tomisaka, K. and van Chuyen, N., 2002, Carotenoid pigments in GAC fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 2479-2482.
[19] Ishida, B., Turner, C., Chapman, M.H and , McKeon, T.A., 2004, Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of gac (Momordica cochinchinensis spreng) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem. 52: 274-279.
[20] Song, X. and Hu, S., 2009, Adjuvant activities of saponins from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, Vaccine 27: 4883-4890.
[21] Lin, Z., Liu, X., Yang, F. and Yua, Y.Q., 2012, Structural characterization and identification of five triterpenoid saponins isolated from Momordica cochinchinensis extracts by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 328-329: 43-66.
[22] อชิดา จารุโชติกมล, จินตนา ประทุมชาติ, จิราพร พรหมโคตร, ฉวีวรรณ พุ่มเพ็ชร, ศิรินันท์ จันร่องคำ, พรทิพย์ วรกิจพูนผล, พรปวีณ์ บรรลังค์, ปวิตรา พูลบุตร และเบญจมาศ คุชนี, 2561, ผลของไซโคลอัลลิอินต่อการสลายไขมันและลิปิดเปอร์ออกซิเดชั่น, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัมหาสารคาม 37(2): 245-258.
[23] อธิกา จารุโชติกมล, พัชรีวัลย์ ปั้นเหน่งเพ็ชร, วีรพล คู่คงวิริยพันธุ์ และวนิดา ไทรชมภู, 2554, ฤทธิ์ต้านไลปิดเปอร์ออกซิเดชันและต้านออกซิเดชันของสารสกัดผักแพว, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม 30(3): 249-261.
[24] เบญจมาศ คุชนี, อัจฉรา พรมลารักษ์, ชญาณ์พิมพ์ บุญชู, ธนาวุธ เขาดี, บุญญวัฒน์ บุญระดม, วณิชชกร สิงห์บรรณ, อชิดา จารุโชติกมล, ปวิตรา พูลบุตร, 2562, ฤทธิ์ยับยั้งเอนไซม์แอลฟาอะไมเลสและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของสารสกัดหยาบจากผลมะเดื่ออุทุมพรด้วยเอทานอล, ว.วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี 27(5): in print.
[25] Cindrić, I.J., Kunštić, M., Zeiner, M., Stingeder, G. and Rusak, G., 2011, Sample preparation methods for the determination of the antioxidative capacity of apple juices, Croat. Chem. Acta. 84: 435-438.
[26] Farasat, M., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Nabavi, S.M.B. and Namjooyan, F., 2014, Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of some edible green seaweeds from northern coasts of the persian gulf, Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 13: 163-170.
[27] Chatatikun, M. and Chiabchalard, A., 2013, Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activities of orange baby carrot and carrot (Daucus carota Linn.) root crude extracts, J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 5(4): 97-102.
[28] Hossain, H., Karmakar, U.K., Biswas, S.K., Shahid-Ud-Daula, A.F., Jahan, I.A., Adnan, T. and Chowdhury, A., 2013, Antinociceptive and antioxidant potential of the crude ethanol extract of the leaves of ageratum conyzoides grown in Bangladesh, Pharm. Biol. 51: 893-898.
[29] Uddin N., Islam, R., Hasan, N., Hossain, M.S., Roy, A., Hossain, M.M. and Rana, S., 2013, DPPH scavenging assay of eighty-four Bangladeshi medicinal plants, Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 6(5): 66-73.
[30] Saeed, N., Khan, M. and Shabbir, M., 2012, Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L., BMC Complem. Altern. Med. 12: 1-12.
[31] Burke, D.S., Smidt, C.R. and Vuong, L.T., 2005, Momordica cochinchinensis, Rosa roxburghii, wolfberry and sea buckthorn-highly nutritional fruit supported by tradition and science, Curr. Top. Nutraceut. Res. 3: 259-266.
[32] Vergara-Salinas, J.R., Pérez-Jiménez, J., Torres, J.L., Agosin, E. and Pérez-Correa, J.R., 2012, Effects of temperature and time on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in the pressurized hot water extraction of deodorized thyme (Thymus vulgaris), J. Agric. Food Chem. 60: 10920-10929.
[33] Roshanak, S., Rahimmalek, M. and Goli, S.A., 2016, Evaluation of seven different drying treatments in respect to total flavonoid, phenolic, vitamin C content, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity and color of green tea (Camellia sinensis or C. assamica) leaves, J. Food Sci. Technol. 53: 721-729.
[34] Rahman, M., Ahmed, A., Sunny, S.S., Atanu, S.H., Faruque, A. and Rana, S., 2014, In vitro evalution of cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of Luffa acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca and Momordica cochinchinensis, Br. J. Pharm. Res. 4: 267-277.
[35] Klungsupya, P., Saenkhum, J., Muangman, T., Rerk-Am, U., Laovitthayanggoon, S. and Leelamanit, W., 2012, Non-cytotoxic property and DNA protective activity against H2O2 and UVC of Thai gac fruit extracts in human TK6-cells, J. App. Pharm. Sci. 02(04): 04-08.