Zearalenone
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Abstract
ซีราลีโนนเป็นสารเมแทบอไลท์ทุติยภูมิที่ถูกสังเคราะห์ผ่านทาง polyketide pathway ในราสกุล Fusarium ได้แก่ F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. equiseti, F. crookwellense และ F. semitectum โดยความเป็นพิษของซีราลีโนนจะส่งผลให้เกิดความผิดปกติของระบบต่าง ๆ ภายในตัวสัตว์ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งระบบสืบพันธุ์ เนื่องจากซีราลีโนนมีโครงสร้างคล้ายฮอร์โมนเอสโตรเจน จึงสามารถไปแย่งจับหรือกระตุ้น estrogen receptor ในร่างกายของสัตว์ทำให้ร่างกายของสัตว์เกิดความผิดปกติ นอกจากนี้ยังมีรายงานแสดงให้เห็นว่าซีราลีโนนน่าจะเป็นสาเหตุที่ทำให้เกิดโรค hyperestrogenic syndrome ในมนุษย์อีกด้วย โดยการปนเปื้อนของซีราลีโนนสามารถพบทั่วไปในเมล็ดธัญพืชหลากหลายชนิดทั้งที่เป็นส่วนประกอบในอาหารมนุษย์และอาหารสัตว์ โดยเฉพาะในเขตประเทศที่มีภูมิอากาศแบบอบอุ่น โดยบทความนี้จะกล่าวถึงการปนเปื้อนของซีราลีโนนในโซนเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้เป็นหลัก ซึ่งเป็นโซนที่ประเทศไทยตั้งอยู่ รวมถึงกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลงสารพิษซีราลีโนนในร่างกาย และทางเคมี กายภาพ และชีวภาพที่นิยมใช้ในการลดการปนเปื้อนของซีราลีโนน ทั้งนี้ The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) ได้กำหนดค่า provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) ของซีราลีโนนไว้ที่ 0.5 ไมโครกรัมต่อกิโลกรัมน้ำหนักตัว และค่า tolerable daily intake (TDI) ไว้ที่ 0.25 ไมโครกรัมต่อกิโลกรัมน้ำหนักตัว
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