พฤติกรรมการดูแลลูกของพ่อแม่แมลง : รูปแบบการลงทุนพิเศษเพื่อลูก
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Published:
Dec 29, 2019
Keywords:
parental care extra investment egg attendance offspring attendance insect parent
Main Article Content
Abstract
Insect Parental behavior is any parental traits that enhance the chance of offspring surviving and reproductive successes. These parenting behaviors are the extra investment that parental care costs such as; energy, life-threatening risks, and the risk of offspring production in the future that would be invested for their offspring’s benefits. In insect taxa, the evolution of parental care behaviors was adapted independently, so diverse forms of behaviors have been occurred. According to the previous references, the forms of insect parental behaviors have been classified into 9 forms as follows: (1) oviposition-site selection, (2) nest building and burrowing, (3) egg attendance, (4) egg brooding, (5) embryo care within the mother's body, (6) offspring brooding, (7) food provision, (8) offspring attendance, and (9) care of mature offspring. Examples of parental behaviors in various forms of some insects are discussed in this article.
Article Details
Section
Biological Sciences
References
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[2] Kelley, P., Parental Care from an Insect's Perspective, Available Source: https://www.insectslimited.com/assets/file_uploads/F&PNewsletter122%20Insects%20as%20Parents.pdf, March 6, 2018.
[3] Nanor, P., 2008, Bee and applications, Adv. Sci. J. 8(2): 75-81. (in Thai)
[4] Nanor, P., 2009, Social parasitism in bee, Apis florea Fabricius, Adv. Sci. J. 9(1): 24-30. (in Thai)
[5] Maksong, S., 2016, Diversity of bee flora at Tipuya, Chalae, Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi, Thai Sci. Technol. J. 24(1): 76-86. (in Thai)
[6] Clutton-Brock, T.H., 1991, The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 352 pp.
[7] Royle, N.J., Smiseth, P.T. and Kölliker, M., 2012, The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[8] Wong, J.W.Y., Meunier, J. and Kolliker, M., 2013, The evolution of parental care in insects: The roles of ecology, life history and social environment, Ecol. Entomol. 38: 123-137.
[9] Tallamy, D.W., 1999, Child care among the insects, Sci. Am. 172-77.
[10] Smiseth, P.T., 2014, Parental Care, pp. 221-230, In Shuker, D. and Simmons, L. (Eds.), The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
[11] Trumbo, T.S., 2012, Parental Care in Invertebrates, pp. 81-100, In Royle, N.J., Smiseth, P.T. and Kolliker, M. (Eds.), The Evolution of Parental Care, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
[12] Alcock, J., 2009, Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach, 9th Ed., Sinauer Associates Inc., Massachusetts.
[13] Tallamy, D.W., 1984, Insect parental care, Biosciences 34: 20-24.
[14] Trumbo, T.S., 2012, Parental Care in Invertebrates, pp. 81-100, In Royle, N.J., Smiseth, P.T. and Kolliker, M. (Eds.), The Evolution of Parental Care, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
[15] Wasserberg, G., White, L., Bullard, A., King, J. and Max-well, R., 2013. Oviposition site selection in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): are the effects of predation risk and food level independent?, J. Med. Entomol. 50: 1159-1164.
[16] Tjørnløv, R.S, Kissling, W.D, Barnagaud, J.Y., Bøcher, P.K. and Høye, T.T., 2015, Oviposition site selection of an endangered butterfly at local spatial scales, J. Insect Conserv. 19: 377-391.
[17] Brockmann, H.J., 1980, Diversity in nesting behavior of Mud-Daubers (Trypoxylon politum Say; Sphecidae), Fla. Entomol. 63: 53-64.
[18] Lamb, R.J., 1976, Parental behaviour in the Dermaptera with special reference to Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Can. Entomol. 108: 609-19.
[19] Suzuki, S., 2013, Biparental care in insects: Paternal care, life history, and the function of the nest, J. Insect Sci. 13: 131.
[20] Mappes, J. and Kaitala, A., 1994. Experiments with Elasmucha grisea L. (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae): Does a female parent bug lay as many eggs as she can defend?, Behav. Ecol. 5: 314-317.
[21] Smith, R.L. and Larsen, E., 1993, Egg attendance and brooding by males of the giant water bug Lethocerus medius (Guerin) in the field (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), Insect Behav. 6:93-106.
[22] Ichikawa, N., 1988, Male brooding behavior of the giant water bug Lethocerus deyrollei Vuillefroy. (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), J. Ethol. 6: 121-128.
[23] Smith, L.R., 1976, Male brooding behavior of the water bug Abedus herberti (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69: 740-747.
[24] Mullins, E.D., Mullins, J.K. and Tigno, R.K., 2002, The structural basis for water exchange between the female cockroach (Blattella germanica) and her ootheca, J. Exp. Biol. 205: 2987-2996.
[25] Varma, P., Phyllomorpha laciniata, Available Source: https://alchetron.com/ Phyllomorpha-laciniata, May 21, 2018.
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[27] Miller, S.J. and Zink, G.A., 2012, Parental care trade-offs and the role offilial cannibalism in the maritime earwig, Anisolabis maritime, Anima. Behav. 83: 1387-1394.
[28] Dean, R.Jr., Embioptera:Webspinners, Available Source: https://www.nhptv.org/wild/embioptera.asp, March 7, 2018.
[29] Slickers, G., Parent bug, Available Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Elasmucha_grisea_20050608_916_part.jpg, May 21, 2018.
[30] Hume, G., Abedus herberti at the Cincinnati Zoo, Available Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abedus#/media/File:Abedus_herberti.jpg, May 21, 2018.
[31] HYLA, Egg attendance and brooding by males of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus in the field (Heteroptera: Belosto matidae), Available Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hala2009/7260759022, May 21, 2018.
[32] Meier, R., Kotbra, M. and Ferrar, P., 1999, Ovoviviparity and viviparity in the Diptera, Biol. Rev. 74: 199-258.
[33] Marchal, E., Hult, E.F., Huang, J., Stay, B. and Tobe, S.S., 2013, Diploptera punctata as a model for studying the endocrinology of arthropod reproduction and develop ment, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 188: 85-93.
[34] Bhoopathy, S., 1998, Incidence of parental care in the cockroach, Thorax porcellana (Saravas) (Blaberidae: Blattaria), Curr. Sci. 74: 248-251.
[35] Ento, K., Araya, K. and Kudo, S., 2008, Trophic egg provisioning in a passalid beetle (Coleoptera), Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 99-104.
[36] Attisano, A. and Kilner, R.M., 2015, Parental effects and flight behaviour in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, Anima. Behav. 108: 91-100.
[37] Attisano, A. and Kilner, R.M., 2015, Parental effects and flight behaviour in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, Anima. Behav. 108: 91-100.
[38] Hunt, J. and Simmons., L.W., 2002, Behavioural dynamics of biparental care in the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus, Anima. Behav. 64: 65-75.
[39] Suzuki, S., 2010, Progressive provisioning by the females of the earwig, Anisolabis maritima, increases the survival rate of the young, J. Insect Sci. 10: 184.
[40] Suzuki, S., Kitamura, M. and Matsubayashi, K., 2005, Matriphagy in the hump earwig, Anechura harmandi (Dermaptera: Forficu lidae), increases the survival rates of the offspring, J. Ethol. 23: 212-213.
[41] Kohno, K., 1997, Possible influences of habitat characteristics on the evolution of semelparity and cannibalism in the hump earwig Anechura harmandi, Res. Popul. Ecol. 39: 11-16.
[42] Tallamy, D.W. and Denno, R.F., 1981, Maternal care in Gargaphia solani (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Anim. Behav. 29: 771-778.
[43] Lin, C.P., 2006, Social behaviour and life history of membracine treehoppers, J. Nat. His. 40: 32-34.
[44] Windsor, D.M., 1987, Natural history of a subsocial tortoise beetle, Acromis sparsa Boheman (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) in Panama, Psyche 94: 127-149.
[45] Maekawa, K. and Nalepa, C.A., 2011, Biogeography and phylogeny of wood-feeding cockroaches in the Genus Cryptocercus, Insects 2: 354-368.
[46] Mullins, D.E, Mullins K.J. and Tignor, K.R., 2002, The structural basis for water exchange between the female cockroach (Blattella germanica) and her ootheca, J. Exp. Biol. 19: 2987-2996.
[47] The Guardian, Cockroach milk: The next superfood?, Available Source: https://guardian.ng/features/cockroach-milk-the-next-superfood, April 12, 2018.
[48] Cockroaches B.G., An amazing diversity, Available Source: https://cockroach.Speciesfile.org/HomePage/Cockroach/Diversity/Diversity.aspx, May 21, 2018.
[49] Hare, O.R., Bug off I'm not in the mood! Female beetles use pheromones like a repellent to curb the desires of lusty males, Available Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-504809/Bug-m-not-mood-Female-beetles-use-pheromones-like-form-Pepper-spray-curb-desires-lusty-males.html#ixzz5GFlDjyuC, May 21, 2018.
[50] Goredema, B., Dung beetle, Available Source: https://pixabay.com/en/wildlife-nature-little-dung-beetle-3168583, May 22, 2018.
[51] Guidotia, M, Tallamy, W.D. and Júniorc, M.L.A., 2015, Maternal care in Gargaphia decoris (Heteroptera, Tingidae), with comments on this behavior within the genus and family, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 59:104-106.
[52] Hedin, M., Umbonia crassicornis (F Mem bracidae).jpg, Available Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Umbonia_crassicornis_(F_Membracidae).jpg, May 22, 2018.