Biochar Production from Shuttlecocks by Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Abstract
The shuttlecocks discarded from the sports activity were subjected to hydrothermal carbonization under three parameters: temperature (180, 200 and 220 °C), time (30, 60 and 90 min) and solid/water ratio (0.05, 0.07 and 0.10 by wt.). Temperature exhibited a significant effect on yield, time showed a significant effect on higher heating value, while a combination of temperature and time had an effect on both yield and higher heating value. The obtained biochars displayed higher carbon content, with a higher heating value ranging from 28,000 to 30,000 kJ/kg. They exhibited lower hydrogen content, oxygen content, and H/C and O/C atomic ratios, resembling the characteristics of Sporinite and Cutinite coals. This suggests their potential suitability for use as cooking fuel. The optimum conditions for application are within a temperature range 180-200 °C and a time of 30 minutes.
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