Developing Fermented Bio Extracts from Agricultural Waste to Increase Cassava Production
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Abstract
Since the price of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly due to conflicts among major fertilizer producers and exporters (Russia and Ukraine), the cost of crop production in Thailand has risen, resulting in lower yields. Organic fertilizers offer an alternative approach for supplying nutrients to the soil and enhancing crop productivity. Accordingly, this research aims to develop a process for transforming agricultural waste materials into biologically fermented products that meet the fertilizer standards specified by the Department of Agriculture. These fermented products were applied to experimental cassava plants, and crop yields were assessed. Cassava leaves and water from a circulating pump were used as raw materials for fermentation. The experiment was conducted using an A x B factorial design in a completely randomized design (CRD), with two replicates (n = 2). Key parameters (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were monitored daily during the 30-day fermentation process, and the resulting products were analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents. The results showed that Process 4 produced a fermented product containing all essential macronutrients at levels meeting the required criteria. Furthermore, when bio-fermented products were applied to Cassava plant experimental plots, Process 4 yielded the best results in terms of fresh tuber weight and starch content. In summary, the findings indicate that the process developed in this study for producing bio-fermented products can enhance agricultural productivity and can serve as a guideline for sustainable agricultural practices, offering economic, social,environmental, and ecological benefits.
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