Effect of Drought Stress on Growth, Yield, and Seed Quality in Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
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Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a member of the Lamiaceae family, is native to Mexico and Guatemala. Chia seeds possess high nutritional value, containing antioxidants and high levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Consequently, they are widely utilized, particularly in the cosmetic industry and as a major alternative source of omega-3. This significant economic potential encourages farmers to cultivate chia as a source of income. However, successful chia production requires meticulous management of various production factors, with water management being paramount. Inadequate soil moisture can lead to a significant reduction in yield. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of soil moisture levels on chia growth and yield. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three soil moisture levels: 100%,70%, and 40% of field capacity (FC). The results indicated that the 40% FC treatment resulted in significantly lower plant height and canopy size after 7 weeks of controlled soil moisture. Furthermore, the 70% FC treatment exhibited the highest leaf temperature, which corresponded to a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the control. Growth analysis revealed that the net assimilation rate (NAR) during weeks 7 to 10 was highest under controlled soil moisture conditions; however, there was no significant effect on the relative growth rate (RGR) or yield. Regarding seed quality, parameters such as germination percentage and germination index showed no significant influence from soil moisture levels. These findings suggest that the 40% FC is sufficient for optimal chia growth and yield under the tested soil moisture conditions
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References
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