Production of IAA by Fruit Leaves Endophytic Fungi and Promoted Growth of Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. in vitro.
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Abstract
Endophytic fungi in symbiotic association with their host plant are well known to enhance plant growth. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a key plant hormone synthesized by fungi, regulates nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. This study investigated the plant growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi isolated from various parts of Garcinia mangostana Linn, Nephelium lappaceum Linn, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg, Artocarpus integer, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, Lansium domesticum Corr and Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C.Sahni & Bennet. The fungi were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with tetracycline and ampicillin at 50 mg/L. All endophytic fungi strains were screened for their ability to produce plant growth-promoting hormones, particularly IAA. Out of 53 isolates, 26 were found to produce IAA. The endophytic fungi isolate Chrysonilia sitophila ChPP04 produced the highest level of IAA (675.97±0.32 μg/mL) when grown in Czapek broth supplemented with 1.50 mg/L of L-tryptophan. The biological activity of IAA from C. sitophila ChPP04 was tested on the growth of Zephyranthes rosea Lindl., cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/mL BA, 1.5 mg/L IAA, and 1.0 mg/L NAA. The explants responded with both shoot and root development. On average, each explant produced 7.11 ± 1.98 shoots with an average length of 2.90 ± 1.10 cm, 1.9±3.11 roots with a root length of 1.4±2.21 cm. These results suggest that IAA produced by endophytic fungi can promote plant growth in Amaryllidaceae species in vitro.
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