Assessment of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts from a Thai Traditional Medicine Herbal Recipe for Infectious Disease
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from a Thai traditional medicine recipe developed by Luang Phinitphonnikon. The medicinal plants were extracted using two solvents: ethyl acetate and ethanol. The crude extracts were evaluated for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities using the colorimetric broth microdilution method, DPPH, and ABTS free radical scavenging assays, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts was tested against nine human pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SK1, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112, Microsporum gypseum, and Talaromyces marneffei. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, MRSA, and S. epidermidis), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.025 to 6.4 mg/mL. Regarding antioxidant activity, the ethanol extract showed IC50 values of 37.29 ± 1.03 µg/mL for the DPPH assay and 276.65 ± 0.41 µg/mL for the ABTS assay. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the colorimetric aluminum chloride method, respectively. The ethanol extract showed total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 67.00 ± 0.51 mg GAE/g extract and 15.20 ± 1.00 mg QE/g extract, respectively. These findings suggest that this Thai traditional medicine recipe is a promising source of bioactive compounds with both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
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