Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth, Yield and Curcuminoid Content in Turmeric
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Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a valuable medicinal herb. However, its cultivation is limited by various factors, resulting in low yield and quality. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth, yield, and curcuminoid content in turmeric. A pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. Four treatments were applied: (1) control: no AM inoculum and no fertilizer, (2) AM-F: AM inoculum, (3) F: fertilizer, and (4) AM+F: AM inoculum and fertilizer. The AM soil inoculum used was Glomus sp., and fertilizer was applied according to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for turmeric plantations. The turmeric plants were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions for nine months until the harvesting period. The results showed that AM significantly enhanced turmeric growth. AM-treated turmeric exhibited greater height and stem diameter at five months after planting, as well as higher dry shoot and root weight at harvest, compared to non-mycorrhizal (NM) turmeric. The plant nutrient content also increased in AM-treated turmeric, leading to a higher fresh and dry rhizome weight- approximately 60% and 50 % greater, respectively. Turmeric treated with both AM and fertilizer (AM+F) produced 48.22 g/plant of dry rhizome, whereas fertilizer alone (F) resulted in only 31.58 g/plant. Additionally, AM+F turmeric had a 30 % higher curcuminoid content, reaching 9.24 %, compared to NM turmeric with fertilizer (F), which contained only 6.96 %. These findings indicate that AM application significantly improves the growth, yield, and curcuminoid content in turmeric.
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