Influence of Trichoderma harzianum and Germination Test Methods on Germination and Seedling Growth of Indica and Japonica Rice
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Abstract
The utilization of Trichoderma species was used to enhance the germination and growth of rice seedlings. However, germination and plant growth responses to the Trichoderma fungi under different germination test conditions may affect the effectiveness of Trichoderma fungi. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to examine the germination and growth of Indica and Japonica rice seedlings coated with T. harzianum in dry powder formulation at different concentrations tested by the top of paper method and in paddy soil method. The experiment was conducted by using 2 × 2 × 5 factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. The experiment consisted of three factors including 1) two varieties of rice: Tubtim Chumphae (TTCP) and DOA 2 represented as Indica and Japonica rice, respectively, 2) two germination test methods: top of paper method and in paddy soil method, and 3) five concentrations of Trichoderma dry powder (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 g/1 kg seeds). The experiment was done in laboratory conditions. The germination and seedlings growth characters were collected at 14 days after germination and the percentage of germination, seed vigor index, and germination index were calculated. The results revealed that in paddy soil, DOA 2 coated with Trichoderma at 0.25 g/1 kg seeds had the highest plant height, leaf length, and root number. The interaction effect between rice varieties and Trichoderma concentrations highly significantly affected plant height and leaf length (P < 0.01). The interaction effect between germination test methods and Trichoderma concentrations highly significantly affected seed vigor, plant
height, leaf length, and leaf width (P < 0.01). The concentration of Trichoderma at 0.25 g/1 kg seeds was able to increase seed vigor, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and root number, which could be applied for direct seed sowing in rice production system.
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