Stomatal and Photosynthetic Responses to NaCl-induced Salt Stress of Thai Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. KDML105) during Tillering Stage
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of NaCl-induced salt
stress on stomatal opening, carboxylation, and photochemical processes in Thai jasmine rice (KDML105) at tillering stage. Rice plants were grown in half-strength Yoshida’s solution for 55 days before subjected to salt stress by adding NaCl in three stress levels at 0 (control), 60 (mild
stress) and 120 mM (severe stress) for 28 days. Light response curve, maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II, photosynthetic pigments content and nutrient concentrations were measured
on leaves of non-stressed and stressed plants. The increasing salt stress levels had definite effect in reducing stomatal conductance (gs), which then reduced photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Under mild salt stress, stomatal opening was limited to light intensity (PPF) in the range of 0–800 μmolPPF m-2 s-1, and no further opening at increasing PPF. When the salt stress progressed to severe level, stomatal opening was limited to narrow PPF range of 0–600 μmolPPF m-2 s-1, and gs decreased at PPF above 2,000 μmolPPF m-2 s-1. Subsequently, detrimental effects on carboxylation efficiency and photochemical efficiency occurred under severe salt stress. The salt stress did not affect the light reaction of photosynthesis, because the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments content of salt-stressed plants were still unaffected. Salt-stressed rice leaves had high leaf Na concentration and low K/Na ratio. The parameters for the evaluation of salt stress levels are gs, instantaneous carboxylation
efficiency (Pn/Ci), electron transport rate (ETR), and the ratio of electron transport rate to net photosynthetic rate (ETR/Pn).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24(1): 1–15.
Baker, N.R., J. Harbinson and D.M. Kramer. 2007. Determining the limitations and regulation of photosynthetic energy transduction in leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 30(9): 1107–1125.
Björkman, O. and B. Demmig. 1987. Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta. 170(4): 489–504.
Bose, J., R. Munns, S. Shabala, M. Gilliham, B. Pogson and S.D. Tyerman. 2017. Chloroplast function and ion regulation in plants growing on saline soils: lessons from halophytes. J. Exp. Bot. 68(12): 3129–3143.
Chanchareonsook, J. 1993. Chemical Analysis of Soil and Plant Materials. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. 213 pp. (in Thai)
Chaves, M.M., J. Flexas and C. Pinheiro. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot. 103(4): 551–560.
Department of Soil Science. 2005. Introduction to Soil Science. Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. 547 pp. (in Thai)
Goh, C.H., S.M. Ko, S. Koh, Y.J. Kim and H.J. Bae. 2012. Photosynthesis and environments: photoinhibition and repair mechanisms in plants. J. Plant Biol. 55(2): 93–101.
Guo, H., Z. Huang, M. Li and Z. Hou. 2020. Growth, ionic homeostasis, and physiological responses of cotton under different salt and alkali stresses. Sci. Rep. 10: 21844.
Hakala, M., I. Tuominen, M. Keränen, T. Tyystjärvi and E. Tyystjärvi. 2005. Evidence for the role of the oxygen-evolving manganese complex in photoinhibition of photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1706(1–2): 68–80.
Heenan, D.P., L.G. Lewin and D.W. McCaffery. 1988. Salinity tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 28(3): 343–349.
Hniličková, H., F. Hnilička., M. Orsák and V. Hejnák. 2019. Effect of salt stress on growth, electrolyte leakage, Na+ and K+ content in selected plant species. Plant Soil Environ. 65: 90–96.
Hoang, T.M.L., T.N. Tran, T.K.T. Nguyen, B. Williams, P. Wurm, S. Bellairs and S. Mundree. 2016. Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice: challenges and opportunities. Agronomy. 6(4): 54.
Kaewneramit, T. and N. Wutipraditkul. 2014. Effect of salinity stress on growth and photosynthetic pigments in transgenic ‘KDML 105’ rice overexpressing OsCaM1-1 gene. Veridian E-Journal Science and Technology Silpakorn University. 1(5): 11–18. (in Thai)
Kelling, K.A., L.G. Bundy, S.M. Combs and J.B. Peters. 1999. Optimum soil test levels for Wisconsin. UWEX Fact Sheet A3030. Division of Cooperative Extension, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Wisconsin, USA.
Kheoruenromne, I. 2007. Saline Soil in Thailand. Available Source: https://ebook.lib.ku.ac.th/ebook27/ebook/2011-002-0214/#p=2, Jun 5, 2021. (in Thai)
Laywisadkul, S. and S. Yingjajaval. 2011. Light response of Amaranthus tricolor leaf at different levels of CO2 concentrations. Agricultural. Sci. J. 42(2): 193–202. (in Thai)
Levy, G.J. and I. Shainberg. 2005. Sodic soils, pp. 504–512. In D. Hillel, ed. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK.
López-Climent, M.F., V. Arbona, R.M. Pérez-Clemente and A. Gómez-Cadenas. 2008. Relationship between salt tolerance and photosynthetic machinery performance in citrus. Environ. Exp. Bot. 62(2): 176–184.
Meloni, D.A., M.A. Oliva, C.A. Martinez and J. Cambraia. 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 49(1): 69–76.
Mishra, S.K., D. Subrahmanyam and G.S. Singhal 1991. Interrelationship between salt and light stress on primary processes of photosynthesis. J. Plant Physiol. 138(1): 92–96.
Netondo, G.W., J.C. Onyango and E. Beck. 2004. Sorghum and salinity. II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sci. 44(3): 806–811.
Pongprayoon, W., R. Tisarum, C. Theerawittaya and S. Cha-Um. 2019. Evaluation and clustering on salt-tolerant ability in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) using multivariate physiological indices. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plant. 25(2): 473–483.
Ribeiro, R.V., E.C. Machado, M.G. Santos and R.F. Oliveira. 2009. Photosynthesis and water relations of well-watered orange plants as affected by winter and summer conditions. Photosynthetica. 47: 215–222.
Schreiber, U., W. Bilger, H. Hormann and C. Neubauer. 1998. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a diagnostic tool: basics and some aspects of practical relevance, pp. 320–336. In A.S. Raghavendra, ed. Photosynthesis: A Comprehensive Treatise. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Shunkao, S. and P. Theerakulpisut. 2019. Effects of salinity on photosynthesis and growth of rice and alleviation of salt-stress by exogenous spermidine. Khon Kaen Agr. J. 47(Suppl. 1): 1–6.
Silva, E.N., R.V. Ribeiro, S.L. Ferreira-Silva, R.A. Viégas and J.A.G. Silveira. 2011. Salt stress induced damages on the photosynthesis of physic nut young plants. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.). 68(1): 62–68.
Thornley, J.H.M. and I.R. Johnson. 1990. Plant and Crop Modelling. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
Valentini, R., D. Epron, P.D. Angelis, G. Matteucci and E. Dreyer. 1995. In situ estimation of net CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron flow and photorespiration in Turkey oak (Q. cerris L.) leaves: diurnal cycles under different levels of water supply. Plant Cell Environ. 18(6): 631–640.
Waskom, R.M., T. Bauder, J.G. Davis and A.A. Andales. 2007. Diagnosing saline and sodic soil problems. Fact Sheet No. 0.521. Colorado State University, Colorado, USA.
Weil, R.R. and N.C. Brady. 2016. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th edition. Pearson Education, Inc., Columbus, USA. 1104 pp.
Yoshida, S., D.A. Forno, J.H. Cock and K.A. Gomez. 1976. Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice. 3rd edition. The International Rice Research Institute, Laguna, Philippines. 83 pp.
