Influence of Colchicine on the Growth of Native Andrographis Cultivars
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an increased demand for Andrographis. Inducing polyploidy Andrographis is an alternative way to enhance the Andrographis yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of colchicine on the growth of Andrographis.
Methodology: Seeds of Andrographis were treated to induce polyploidy using five different colchicine concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%) at two different exposure times (12 and 24 hours). The 5 × 2 factorial in a completely randomized design was used and then compared means among treatments using Duncan’s new multiple range test at a confidence interval of 95%.
Main Results: Germination rate of 1-month-old Andrographis plants had significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). The highest germination rate of 12.25 ± 1.97% was found in T3 (0.1, 12), then T5 (0.2, 12) at 12.00 ± 0.61%. Increasing colchicine concentration up to 0.3 and 0.4% at 12 and 24 hours significantly caused a lower rate of germination (P < 0.05). At 3 months old of Andrographis plants, plant height, the number of leaves, and the number of nodes differed among treatments, with the highest values at 0.0% colchicine concentration. Moreover, the 4-month-old Andrographis plants had the highest number of nodes in T1 (0.0, 12) with 11.10 ± 1.40 nodes, the highest number of branches in T7 (0.3, 12) with 9.40 ± 2.32 branches, the highest number of leaves in T1 (0, 12) with 77.70 ± 25.06 leaves, and the widest leaf in T4 (0.1, 24) with 2.06 ± 0.23 cm. No significant differences in leaf length.
Conclusions: The discovered abnormal plants were mixoploidy chimera. Therefore, abnormal plants should be indicated when these trees are fully developed.
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