Effect of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort leave extract against Photobacterium damselae
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Abstract
Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort, commonly known as seablite, is a halophytic plant widely found in coastal areas and mangrove forests. Previous studies have indicated that extracts from Suaeda possess antimicrobial properties. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of crude extracts from seablite leaves, collected from mangrove forests in Chonburi Province, against Photobacterium damselae. This bacterium is a pathogen affecting aquatic animals and can also cause opportunistic infections in humans.In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of both red and green seablite leaf crude extracts using the disc diffusion method.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. To enhance the purity of the extracts, bioautography and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) techniques were applied to identify and partially purify the antimicrobial compounds. The study found that the crude extract from red Suaeda leaves at 20mg/disc significantly inhibited P. damselae with an average inhibition zone of 12±0.0 mm, while the green extract showed only 0.7±0.0 mm. The MIC and MBC values for red Suaeda leaves were 12.5 mg/ml. After partial purification using PTLC and bioautography, three fractions were obtained: fr.1, fr.2, and fr.3. Among these, fr.2 showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting P. damselae at 1 mg/disc, with an inhibition zone diameter of 11±0.0 mm and both MIC and MBC values of 1.25 mg/ml. These results indicate that the partial purification of the crude extract significantly enhanced its effectiveness in inhibiting P. damselae by up to tenfold, suggesting seablite leaf extracts have promising potential as antibacterial agents.
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