Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Growth and Yield of Baby Cos Lettuce and Red Batavia Lettuce
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Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of Grow Light Emitting Diode (LED) on the growth and yield of baby cos lettuce and red Batavia lettuce in hydroponic systems within a temperature-controlled room at 25±2°C with a 16-hour photoperiod, compared with outdoor cultivation. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the following treatments: 1) Sunlight (control), 2) LED QBX850-L(PAR=210.61 W×m-2 PPFD = 1,003.025 mmol×m-2×s-1 and Illuminance= 66,542.1 lux), 3) LED grow light (4000K) (PAR= 107.032 W×m-2 PPFD = 511.123 mmol×m-2×s-1 and Illuminance= 29,518.3 lux), 4) LED grow light (warm white) (PAR=105.257 W×m-2 PPFD = 500.891 mmol×m-2×s-1 Illuminance = 24,469.6 lux), and 5) LED grow light (pink) (PAR=102.093 W×m-2 PPFD = 521.342 mmol×m-2×s-1 Illuminance = 8,975.2 lux). It was found that baby cos lettuce grown under LED light in all treatments exhibited significantly higher growth and yield than those grown under natural light in terms of leaf number, plant height, canopy width, leaf length and width, fresh weight (with and without roots), and dry weight, while leaf color values (L*, a*, b*) were not significantly different. For red batavia lettuce, treatments 3–5 significantly increased plant height, canopy width, leaf and root length compared with natural light. Treatment 3 produced the highest fresh weight with and without roots at 123.68±19.83 and 102.27±14.47 g/plant, respectively. Red batavia lettuce grown under LED light also showed significantly greener leaves than those grown under natural light. Findings from this study indicate that LED lighting, especially the LED TR3 model, can significantly enhance lettuce growth and yield. Such lighting systems are highly applicable for controlled-environment agriculture, including greenhouse and plant factory production, to improve efficiency and crop consistency.
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