Micropropagation of Philodendron 'Birkin': Influence of Plant Growth Regulators, Temporary Immersion Bioreactor and Growing Medium
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Abstract
This study aimed to develop a micropropagation protocol for Philodendron 'Birkin' by investigating the effects of culture media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system, and ex vitro transplanting. Shoot tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS), Woody Plant Medium (WPM), and Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Kinetin(6-furfurylaminopurine) for 8 weeks showed no significant differences among media, with MS producing an average of 1.50 shoots per explant.BAP (6-benzylamino -purine) was more effective than Kinetin for shoot multiplication. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP produced the highest average shoot number (36.40 shoots), 22.8-fold greater than the PGR-free control. However, high BAP concentrations reduced root formation in initial shoots. The addition of 1.0 mg/L IBA combined with BAP inhibited shoot multiplication and induced callus formation. Rootless shoots successfully developed roots on PGR-free MS medium. Preliminary results showed that shoots cultured in the TIB system for 4 weeks produced an average of 2.33 shoots with 3.37 cm shoot length, exceeding those from semi-solid medium cultured for 8 weeks (1.50 shoots and 2.20 cm), demonstrating that TIB promoted effective growth within a shorter period. During ex vitro transplanting, plantlets achieved 100% survival across all growing medium treatments. The peat moss and coconut coir mixture (1:1) produced the best results in leaf number, plant height, and root development. These findings demonstrate the potential of micropropagation techniques for commercial propagation of Philodendron 'Birkin'.
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