Shell structure investigation and utilization of bio-extract fermented from green mussel shell

Abstract

Green mussel shell left over from seafood processing and consumption is a worthless waste and difficult to eliminate because it takes a long time to decompose. The current study aimed to add value to this garbage item. Green mussel shell was fermented in a non-aerated system using bio-extract as liquid fertilizer for water convolvulus hydroponics culture. The fermentation was divided into two treatments: treatment 1 (based on Land Development Department proportions) and treatment 2 (adding 60% by volume of molasses, based on Land Development Department proportions consisting of molasses, water and Microbial Activator Super LDD 2). The results from scanning electron microscopy showed that the outer structure of the inner and outer shell surfaces was cracked and eroded after fermentation. After 15 wk fermentation, bio-extract treatment 1 had an average calcium oxide content that was greater than for the treatment 2 formula (p < 0.05), and the amounts of calcium, chitin and protein in the shells of both treatments had decreased and been transformed into bio-extract. Utilization of bio-extract from the green mussel shells in a bio-extract mixed chemical liquid fertilizer formula resulted in increased height of water convolvulus compared to the control formula (chemical liquid fertilizer). Thus, bio-extract may be suitable as a dietary supplement to hydroponic plant culture to reduce the calcium in liquid chemical fertilizers in the growing crop.