Synthesis and Efficacy of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Xenorhabdus stockiae PB09 Cell-free Supernatant for Controlling Mushroom Mites
Keywords:
Silver nanoparticles, Zinc nanoparticles, Xenorhabdus, Acaricidal activity, Luciaphorus perniciosusAbstract
Biological control of mushroom mite (Luciaphorus perniciosus Rack) by cell-free supernatant of Xenorhabdus stockiae PB09, a nematode-symbiotic bacterium, has been shown to be successful, and this needs further development into more effective formulations. Presently, nanotechnology plays an important role in the development of several biological control agents. In this study, cell-free supernatant of Xenorhabdus stockiae PB09 was synthesized into silver and zinc nanoparticles using AgNO3 and Zn(NO3)2 as precursors and then examined for chemical and physical characteristics as well as biological control activity against L. perniciosus Rack. Both silver and zinc nanoparticles (AgNPs and ZnNPs, respectively) synthesized from X. stockiae PB09 cell-free supernatant were shown to form at 350 nm as revealed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the major functional groups of AgNPs and ZnNPs were amide and amine. Also, scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of AgNPs and ZnNPs illustrated that they have triangular and hexagonal crystals, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that most of the particles found in AgNPs and ZnNPs were small and had organized dispersion. The acaricidal efficacies of AgNPs and ZnNPs were found to be highest against Luciaphorus perniciosus Rack at the mortality rates of 93.33±3.33% and 83.33±5.06%, respectively, which were 21.11% and 11.11% higher than cell-free supernatant of X. stockiae PB09. Hence, AgNPs and ZnNPs synthesized from cell-free supernatant of X. stockiae PB09 cell-free supernatant could be beneficial in the future development of safe and effective biological control agents against mushroom mites.
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