Proliferative and Differentiative Effects of Cannabidiol in Primary Human Osteoblasts
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Cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid component of Cannabis sativa that does not exert any psychological effect, has been widely utilized for several medical purposes. CBD is known for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties. Periodontitis is a common oral disease that ultimately leads to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate the proliferative and differentiative effects of CBD in human osteoblasts harvested from alveolar bone. To determine the cytotoxicity of CBD, primary osteoblasts, collected from alveolar bones of six healthy patients, were treated with various doses of CBD for 24 h and then analyzed by an MTT assay. Furthermore, the proliferative effect of CBD was determined by a Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Differentiation and biomineralization of treated osteoblasts were examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red, and von Kossa staining, and confirmed by mRNA expressions of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (COL1A1), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1). No cytotoxicity was found in the osteoblasts upon treatment with CBD up to 10 μM. The mean percentages of proliferation in the osteoblasts were significantly increased by treatment with CBD from 0.01 to 10 μM (p<0.05). The staining revealed significant increases in osteoblastic differentiation and biomineralization (p<0.05). Moreover, mRNA expressions of several osteoblast-specific genes, including RUNX2, OC, BSP, and TGF-ß1, were significantly up-regulated by treatment with CBD (p<0.05). The findings from this study indicate that CBD can induce proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, isolated from human alveolar bone, resulting in promotion of biomineralization.
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