Advanced in vitro Embryo Rescue Techniques for Improving Plantlet Development of Sternospermocapic (Black Opal) Grapes

บทคัดย่อ

     The Black Opal grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.), a stenospermocarpic seedless variety, has been extensively cultivated in Thailand. However, a recent surge in disease has critically threatened yield production in these seedless cultivars. This study explores the efficacy of advanced in vitro embryo rescue techniques and plantlet development to produce resistant progeny. Three primary factors were examined: berry sampling age (1 - 4 months after flowering, MAF), BA supplementation (0  0.5  1  and  1.5  mg/L) in MS media, and temperature conditions (4°C and room temperature). Results demonstrated that a cold treatment at 4°C for 7 days notably stimulated embryo development compared to room temperature and extended berry shelf life. The highest germination rates were observed in embryos from berries at 3 MAF cultured in 1.0 - 1.5 mg/L BA media, with embryo formation, germination, and plantlet development rates ranging from 13.3 - 33.3%, 6.7 - 20.0%, and 6.7 - 20.0%, respectively. While temperature did not significantly impact embryo development, it effectively prolonged berry shelf life. Optimal embryo formation rates were achieved at 3 MAF with 1.0 and 0.5 mg/L BA, at 40% and 33.3%, respectively. For plantlet development, 0.2 mg/L BA in WPM media was most effective in supporting the progression of embryos into plantlets.