Effects of Commercial Seed Coating Formulations on Rice Germination, Seedling Growth, and Rhizobacteria Viability
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
The development of high-quality rice seeds is essential for food security and production efficiency; however, biological seed coating may negatively affect seed germination, vigor, and microbial viability during storage. This study aimed to identify an optimal rice seed-coating formulation that maintains seed quality and to evaluate the storage viability of bacterial isolates incorporated into the selected coating. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD), evaluating eight seed-coating formulations differing in polymer composition and bacterial inoculation. Seed quality parameters, including radicle emergence percentage, speed of radicle emergence, germination percentage, speed of germination, mean germination time, and seedling growth traits, were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions and greenhouse conditions. Bacterial viability was determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts during 30 days of storage at 4°C and 70% relative humidity. The results indicated that coating formulation 8 was the most suitable, as it maintained germination, seed vigor and seedling growth under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. This formulation also supported balanced root and shoot development. In terms of bacterial viability, an initial reduction in viable cell counts was observed after incorporation into the coating matrix, followed by a gradual increase during storage. All bacterial isolates remained viable throughout the 30-day storage period, although differences in stability were observed among isolates. Notably, Microbacterium proteolyticum (isolate 3) exhibited the highest and most stable viability within the selected coating formulation. Therefore, coating-formulation 8 combined with M. proteolyticum (isolate 3) represents a promising approach for the development of biological seed coatings for rice production systems.
Article Details
อนุญาตภายใต้เงื่อนไข Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เอกสารอ้างอิง
AOSA. 1983. Seed vigour testing handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Lincoln, NE.
Abdul - Baki, A. A. and J. D. Anderson. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science 13(6): 630-633.
Bashan, Y., L. E. de-Bashan, S. R. Prabhu and J. P. Hernandez. 2014. Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: Formulations and practical perspectives (1998-2013). Plant and Soil 378(1-2): 1-33.
Bewley, J. D., K. J. Bradford, H. W. M. Hilhorst and H. Nonogaki. 2013. Seeds: Physiology of development, germination and dormancy. 3rd Edition. Springer.
Bradford, K. J. 2005. Threshold models applied to seed germination ecology. New Phytologist 165(2): 338-341.
Chaudhary, A., V. Venkatramanan, A. K. Mishra and S. Sharma. 2022. Agronomic and environmental determinants of direct seeded rice in South Asia. Circular Economy and Sustainability 3(1): 253-290.
Ellis, R. H. and E. H. Roberts. 1980. Improved equations for the prediction of seed longevity. Annals of botany 45(1): 13-30.
Feng, Y., M. Liu, K. Wang, Y. Ling, Q. Hu, H. Zhang and H. Zhang. 2024. Optimal seeding rate enhances seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, and yield in hybrid rice. Frontiers in Plant Science 15: 1427972.
Finch-Savage, W. E. and G. W. Bassel. 2016. Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany 67(3): 567-591.
Gong, M., M. Zheng, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Qiao, Y. Ren and G. Lv. 2025. A microbial microencapsulation design of seed coating technology to boost wheat seed performance in saline soil. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 12(1): 97.
Griffith, K. L. and R. E. Wolf Jr. 2002. Measuring β-galactosidase activity in bacteria: Cell growth, permeabilization, and enzyme assays in 96-well arrays. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 290(1): 397-402.
Halmer, P. 2008. Seed technology and seed enhancement. Acta Horticulturae 771(1): 17-26.
Herigstad, B., M. Hamilton and J. Heersink. 2001. How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods 44(2): 121-129.
ISTA. 2023. International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association, Wallisellen, Switzerland.
Javed, T., I. Afzal, R. Shabbir, K. Ikram, M. S. Zaheer, M. Faheem, H. H. Ali and J. Iqbal. 2022. Seed coating technology: An innovative and sustainable approach for improving seed quality and crop performance. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 21(8): 536-545.
Kangsopa, J. 2019. Seed coating. Journal of Agricultural Production 1(2): 63-76. [in Thai]
Kangsopa, J., A. Singsopa and N. Thawong. 2025. Seed coating with bacteria-producing Indole-3-Acetic acid (IAA) on germination, seedling growth and nutrient contents of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Legume Research 48(7): 1130-1138.
Kangsopa, J. and C. Atnaseo. 2022. Seed coating application of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria for germination enhancement and seedling growth promotion in soybeans. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 18(1): 215-230.
Madigan, M. T., K. S. Bender, D. H. Buckley, W. M. Sattley and D. A. Stahl. 2018. Brock biology of microorganisms. 15th Global Edition. Boston, US: Benjamin Cummins. pp. 1391-1407.
Malusá, E., L. Sas-Paszt and J. Ciesielska. 2012. Technologies for beneficial microorganisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal 1: 491206.
Mohidem, N. A., N. Hashim, R. Shamsudin and H. C. Man. 2022. Rice for food security: Revisiting its production, diversity, rice milling process and nutrient content. Agriculture 12(6): 741.
Negi, P., J. Rane, R. S. Wagh, T. J. Bhor, D. D. Godse, P. Jadhav, C. Anilkumar, D. Sreekanth, K. S. Reddy, S. R. Gadakh, K. M. Borih, C. B. Harisha and P. S. Basavaraj. 2024. Direct-seeded rice: Genetic improvement of game-changing traits for better adaption. Rice Science 31(4): 417-433.
Oliver, J. D. 2005. The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria. Journal of Microbiology Supplement 43: 93-100.
Paparella, S., S. S. Araújo, G. Rossi, M. Wijayasinghe, D. Carbonera and A. Balestrazzi. 2015. Seed priming: State of the art and new perspectives. Plant Cell Reports 34(8): 1281-1293.
Paravar, A., R. Piri, H. Balouchi and Y. Ma. 2023. Microbial seed coating: An attractive tool for sustainable agriculture. Biotechnology Reports 37: e00781.
Pedrini, S., D. J. Merritt, J. Stevens and K. Dixon. 2017. Seed coating: Science or marketing spin?. Trends in Plant Science 22(2): 106-116.
Phillips, T. M., J. Green, A. Sanz-Saez and J. F. Louf. 2026. Physical effects of hydrogel coatings on seed germination. Soft Matter 22(3): 645-656.
Prommayakul, S. 2024. Effects of seed coating with indole acetic acid producing bacteria on seed quality, growth and shelf life of Tainan 9 peanut seeds. Master’s Thesis in Agronomy, Maejo University.
Reed, R. C., K. J. Bradford and I. Khanday. 2022. Seed germination and vigor: ensuring crop sustainability in a changing climate. Heredity 128(6): 450-459. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-022-00497-2.
Rocha, I., Y. Ma, P. Souza-Alonso, H. Freitas, R. S. Oliveira and M. Vosátka. 2019. Seed coating: A tool for delivering beneficial microbes to agricultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 1357.
Somasegaran, P. and H. J. Hoben. 1994. Handbook for Rhizobia: Methods in legume-rhizobium technology. Springer-Verlag.
Taylor, A. G., P. S. Allen, M. A. Bennett, K. J. Bradford, J. S. Burris and M. K. Misra. 1998. Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research 8(2): 245-256.
Thawong, N. and J. Kangsopa. 2025. Effects of a new tomato organic seed coating agent on physical characteristics and seed quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 47(4): 273-280.
Thomma, K. and P. Sirithorn. 2012. Effect of antagonistic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B006 as seed coating for control of Botryosphaeria rhodina, cause of gummosis disease in cucurbit. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 40: 53-60.
Wang, Y., S. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Yao, Z. Yu, W. Zhang and J. Yang. 2025. Seed coatings as biofilm micro-habitats: Principles, applications, and sustainability impacts. Agronomy 15(12): 2854.
Wang, Y., X. Yu, H. He, W., Zhu, X. Yuan and H. Wang. 2024. Engineering high-performance and multifunctional seed coating agents from lignocellulosic components. Industrial Crops and Products 222(3): 119768.
Weisburg, W. G., S. M. Barns, D. A. Pelletier and D. J. Lane. 1991. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology 173(2): 697-703.
