Appropiate Grinding of Low Grade Longan Fruit for Feedstuff
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Abstract
Longan fruits classified as Grade C are nearly valueless and are classified as low grade longan, are usually oven dried and ground for use as animal feed raw materials to add value to the agricultural product and reduce waste from the process. As longan is an agricultural product that contains high sugar, containing high sugar, the multi-purpose hammer mill currently used in animal feed plants is incapablean. In this research, the main objective was to study the grinding of low-grade whole-shelled dried longan by using a meat grinder. The trial consisted of testing grinding speed at 5 levels: 300 350 400 450 and 500 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 3 feeding rates: 5.08 5.91 and 6.92 kg/hour which were consistent with the feeding speed of 4 6 and 8 rpm, respectively. Grinding was done in two rounds: initial coarse grinding using 12 mm die size, then followed by fine grinding at 4.5 mm die size. Results showed that when the cost of grinding energy was taken into account, the grinding speed of 400 rpm and feeding rate of 6.92 kg/hr (at feeding speed of 8 rpm) were recommended. Low grade whole-shelled dried longan fruits were found to contain higher water-soluble carbohydrates (nitrogen-free extracts, NFE) and fiber, which could be stored at room temperature for at least 3 months with minimal changes in microorganism content and without any detection of fungal presence. These findings showed that low grade longan fruits have the potential to be safely utilized as animal feedstuff.
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