Congo red, tube method and tissue culture plate method for detection of biofilm formation from canine teeth
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Abstract
A biofilm is a bacterial group that adheres to the canine tooth surface, known as plaque, which can cause canine gingivitis and periodontal disease. Contact with dogs or their saliva can transmit the biofilm to the dog's owner and other animals. This study aims to detect biofilm-producing bacteria and evaluate the suitability of three methods: Congo red agar (CRA), Tube method (TM), and Tissue culture plate (TCP) in a screening test for isolating biofilms from canine teeth. A total of 46 (38.98 %) isolated canine teeth showed positive biofilm production by TCP, which was considered the gold standard for biofilm detection. When compared to TCP, CRA detected 19 biofilm producers (16.10 %) and 99 non-biofilm producers (83.90 %), with sensitivity and specificity of 41 % and 100 %, respectively. TM correctly identified 32 biofilm producers (27.12 %) and 86 non-biofilm producers (72.88 %), with sensitivity and specificity of 69 % and 100 %, respectively. Compared to the TM and CRA approaches, the TM was superior to CRA in biofilm detection and demonstrated better sensitivity results. Among the three investigated phenotypic biofilm detection methods, TCP was the most focused, trustworthy, and simple method for identifying biofilms. It may be employed routinely as a standard screening technique for discovering bacteria that produce biofilms in an animal diagnostic laboratory.
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