The effect of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) on hematology water quality and growth performance of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X O. mossambicus)
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two aquaculture systems, changed fish tank water (CFT) and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), using 6 pounds of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) per experimental unit. The initial body weight of the fish was 10.20±0.05 g, with 12 fish per pond, and the rearing period lasted 60 days. Parameters assessed included growth performance (final body weight [FBW], average daily gain [ADG], specific growth rate [SGR], feed conversion ratio [FCR], and survival rate [SR]); hematology (red blood cell count [RBC], hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Ht], glucose [Glu], triglyceride [TG], and total protein [TP]); and water quality (ammonia [NH₃], nitrite [NO₂⁻], nitrate [NO₃⁻], total bacteria, Vibrio spp., yeast and fungi, and total suspended solids [TSS]). These were used as indicators for developing commercial aquaculture systems. At the end of the experiment, the RAS group showed significantly improved growth performance compared to the CFT group: FBW was 95.46±4.72 g, ADG was 1.59±0.08 g/day, SGR was 3.89±0.07 %/day, FCR was 1.56±0.07, and SR was 97.5±2.74%. Hematocrit (26.26±1.10%) and total protein (35.86±1.38 g/L) were also significantly higher in the RAS group than in the CFT group, which had Ht and TP values of 23.08±1.22% and 32.57±0.34 g/L, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, the RAS system showed significantly lower levels of NO₃⁻ and TSS compared to the CFT system (p<0.05), without significant differences in microbial populations between the two systems (p>0.05). Therefore, culturing Red Tilapia in a RAS can enhance growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate. Furthermore, the RAS can reduce NO₃⁻ and TSS levels as well as water usage, without compromising water quality.
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