The Potential of Buckwheat as a Green Manure for Soil Fertility Improvement
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as a green manure for improving soil properties under specific environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted in two locations: the Phrae Rice Research Center, Phrae District, Phrae Province and Nakok Village, Bo Kluea District, Nan Province. Data were collected on plant growth, biomass accumulation, carbon content, nitrogen content, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio). Additionally, physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed before and after buckwheat incorporation. The results showed that biomass accumulation increased with plant age. The highest biomass was recorded at 60-75 days after sowing in Nakok Village, with a C/N ratio ranging from 20 to 30, which is optimal for organic matter decomposition and nutrient release into the soil. In contrast, the Phrae site exhibited a C/N ratio exceeding 40 in the late growing season, indicating a slower decomposition rate. Buckwheat incorporation improved soil structure and enhancing soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, especially within 30-45 days after incorporation. In conclusion, buckwheat demonstrates strong potential as a green manure for highland areas. The optimal incorporation time is at 45-60 days after sowing to achieve high biomass and an optimal C/N ratio for decomposition, thereby enhancing soil fertility efficiently and sustainably.
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