ATR-FTIR and GC-MS Methods for Detection of Sibutramine Adulterated in Slimming Products of Instant Coffee
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the most common adulterants: Sibutramine has been found in slimming products. This work aimed to study the application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect sibutramine in slimming products in the form of Instant coffee. Twenty instant coffee products were acquired from local markets and online stores. At wavenumber 4000-650 cm-1, ATR-FTIR analysis was performed. The mass spectra of the sample indicate a distinct peak for sibutramine. The screening test obtained by ATR-FTIR could be confirmed by GC-MS. The screening was performed on selected ion monitoring mode at 58, 72, and 114 amu (Sibutramine) at a retention time 23.997 minute. Furthermore, laxatives (Bisacodyl) were detected in samples evaluated by GC-MS at a retention time 36.534 minute, while antibiotic (Paromomycin) were detected at a retention time 6.089 minute. This is qualitative investigation using ATR-FTIR and GC-MS to discover sibutramine adulterated in instant coffee slimming products. Both techniques are capable of detecting sibutramine in slimming Instant coffee, which could be useful in forensic examination.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Coser, E. M., B. A. Ferreira, N. Branco, E. H. Yamashiro-Kanashiro, J. A. L. Lindoso, A. C. J. I. J. f. P. D. Coelho and D. Resistance. 2020. Activity of paromomycin against Leishmania amazonensis: Direct correlation between susceptibility in vitro and the treatment outcome in vivo. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. 14: 91-98.
Cebi, N., M. T. Yilmaz and O. J. F. C Sagdic. 2017. A rapid ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method for detection of sibutramine adulteration in tea and coffee based on hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses. Food Chemistry. 229: 517-526.
Deconinck, E., T. Cauwenbergh, J. Bothy, D. Custers, P. Courselle, J. J. J. o. p. De Beer and B. Analysis. 2014. Detection of sibutramine in adulterated dietary supplements using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 100: 279-283.
Department of mental health. 2019. Toxic sibutramine a dangerous substance found in weight loss pills. https://www.dmh.go.th/news-dmh/view.asp?id=29829. Accessed 31 May. 2022. [In Thai]
Food and drug administration public and consumer affairs division. 2021. Bisacodyl, laxative and drug misuse. https://dlink.me/etgCb. Accessed 4 Jun. 2021. [In Thai]
Jung, J., M. Hermanns-Clausen and W. J. F. s. i. Weinmann. 2006. Anorectic sibutramine detected in a Chinese herbal drug for weight loss. Forensic Science International. 161(2-3): 221-222.
Kanthamun, Chatuphol. 2019. The dangers of dietary supplements containing sibutramine: a case study: Pluak Daeng Hospital Rayong Province. Ya-wiphak. 10(39): 39-42. [In Thai]
Khazan, M., M. Hedayati, F. Kobarfard, S. Askari and F. J. I. R. C. M. J Azizi. 2014. Identification and determination of synthetic pharmaceuticals as adulterants in eight common herbal weight loss supplements. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 16(3).
Kiatyingangsulee, Niyada. 2019. Magic Skin and Lean: A ‘breaking abscess’ reflects a dietary supplement regimen problem. Ya-wiphak. 10(39): 43-58. [In Thai]
Lanzarotta, A., L. Lorenz, S. Voelker, T. M. Falconer and J. S. J. A. s. Batson. 2018. Forensic drug identification, confirmation, and quantification using fully integrated gas Chromatography with fourier transform Infrared and mass spectrometric detection (GC-FT-IR-MS). SAGE journals. 72(5): 750-756.
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. 2019. Sibutramine Harmful substances in coffee lose weight. https://warning.acfs.go.th/th/articles-and research/view/?page=24. Accessed 14 Dec. 2021. [In Thai]
National Drug Information. 2021. Thailand National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). http://ndi.fda.moph.go.th/uploads/file_news/20210723999860392.pdf. Accessed 14 Dec. 2021 [In Thai]
Popescu, A. M., G. L. J. U. S. B. Radu, Series B: Chemistry and M. Science. 2015. Detection of adulterants by FTIR and GC-MS in herbal slimming food supplements. UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science. 77(4): 221-230.
PubChem. Sibutramine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sibutramine. Accessed 31 May. 2022.
World Obesity Federation. 2021. Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/
detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed 14 Dec. 2021.